Direct Perception. Response to Burgos and Roca’s Commentaries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rp.e350701Keywords:
Cognitive Theories, Inference, Ecological Approach, Information, Direct PerceptionAbstract
This response article is intended to respond to Burgos and Roca’s comments on my target article in this monograph. When reviewing some of the challenges made by Fodor and Pylyshyn (1981) to the notion of direct perception, one of the main assumptions of traditional cognitive theories is delineated —i.e., perception is based on inferences— and alternatives are proposed from the ecological approach to these questionings. Some limitations of the concept of information, which is central in the ecological approach, are reviewed, and the scope that the ecological program has had in other fields of study, other disciplines and in psychology are mentioned. Finally, we reflect on the relationship between the sensitivity to contingencies of reinforcement and the detection of invariants.
Downloads
References
Baum, W. M. (2012). Rethinking reinforcement: allocation, induction, and contingency. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 97, 101–124. https://doi.org/10.1901%2Fjeab.2012.97-101
Bravo, S. M. J., Ramos, R. M. y Covarrubias, P. (2019). Tutorial: una revisión del enfoque ecológico de Gibson sobre la percepción visual. Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta, 45, 261-273. http://doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75565
Bruggeman, H., Zosh, W. y Warren, W. H. (2007). Optic flow drives human visuo-locomotor adaptation. Current Biology, 17, 2035–2040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.059
Burgos, J. E. (2022). Más melodramas. Comentario crítico a Covarrubias. Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia, 14(2), 131-153. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rp.e350703
Cabrera, F., Sanabria, F., Jiménez, Á. A. y Covarrubias, P. (2013). An affordance analysis of unconditioned lever pressing in rats and hamsters. Behavioural Processes, 92, 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2012.10.003
Costall, A. y Morris, P. (2015). The “textbook Gibson”: the assimilation of dissidence. History of Psychology, 18, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038398
Covarrubias, P. (2022). Percepción directa: detectando las propiedades relacionales permanentes en los patrones de estimulación cambiantes. Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia, 14(2), e350102. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rp.e350102
Covarrubias, P., Cabrera, F. y Jiménez, Á. A. (2017). Invariants and information pickup in the senses considered as perceptual systems: implications for the experimental analysis of behavior. Ecological Psychology, 29, 231-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2017.1332460
Covarrubias, P., Cabrera, F. y Jiménez, Á. A. (2021). Detection of invariants in probabilistic relations between events by means of exploratory behaviors. Journal of Behavior, Health and Social Issues, 13, 68-80. http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/jbhsi/article/view/77678
Covarrubias, P., Cabrera, F., Jiménez, Á. A. y Costall, A. (2017). The ecological revolution: the senses considered as perceptual systems, 50 years later – Part 2. Ecological Psychology, 29, 161-164. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2017.1331316
Covarrubias, P., Guzmán, R., Cabrera, F. y Jiménez, A. A. (2011). Las superficies ambientales, la velocidad y la aceleración en hámsteres y ratas. En H. Martínez, J. J. Irigoyen, F. Cabrera, J. Varela, P. Covarrubias y A. A. Jiménez (Eds.), Estudios sobre comportamiento y aplicaciones (pp. 95–115). Ediciones de la Noche.
Covarrubias, P., Jiménez, Á. A., Cabrera, F. y Costall, A. (2017). The senses considered as perceptual systems: the revolutionary ideas of Gibson’s 1966 book, 50 years later–Part 1. Ecological Psychology, 29, 69-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2017.1297680
Fodor, J. y Pylyshyn, Z. (1981). How direct is visual perception: some reflections on Gibson’s ecological approach. Cognition, 9, 139–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(81)90009-3
Gibson, J. J. (1958). Visually controlled locomotion and visual orientation in animals. British Journal of Psychology, 49, 182-194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1958.tb00656.x
Gibson, J. J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Houghton Mifflin.
Gibson, J. J. (1979/2015). The ecological approach to visual perception. Classic edition. Psychology Press.
Gibson, J. J. y Gibson, E. J. (1955). Perceptual learning: differentiation or enrichment Psychological Review, 62, 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048826
Gibson, J. J., Kaplan, G. A., Reynolds, H. N. y Wheeler, K. (1969). The change from visible to invisible. Perception & Psychophysics, 5, 113-116. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03210533
Heft, H. (2014). The tension between the psychological and ecological sciences: making psychology more ecological. En T. Pearce, G. Barker, and E. Desjardins (Eds.), Entangled life: organism and environment in the biological sciences (51–78). Springer.
Heft, H. (2020). Ecological psychology and enaction theory: divergent groundings. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 991. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00991
Jiménez, Á. A., Ochoa, D. A., Amazeen, P. G., Amazeen, E. L. y Cabrera, F. (2019). Affordances guide choice behavior between equal schedules of reinforcement in rats. Ecological Psychology, 31, 316-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407413.2019.1599686
Jiménez, Á. A., Romero, K.D., Salas, M. y Covarrubias, P. (2021). Adquisición de la conducta operante: no todas las alturas de palanca funcionan igual. Conductual, 9, 30-44. https://conductual.com/articulos/No%20todas%20las%20alturas%20de%20palanca%20funcionan%20igual.pdf
Kaplan, G. A. (1969). Kinetic disruption of optical texture: the perception of depth at an edge. Perception & Psychophysics, 6, 193-198. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03207015
Katagiri, M., Kao, S. F., Simon, A. M., Castro, L. y Wasserman, E.A. (2007). Judgments of causal efficacy under constant and changing interevent contingencies. Behavioural Processes, 74, 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2006.09.001
Killeen, P.R. y Glenberg, A. (2010). Resituating cognition. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 4, 66-85. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.3819/ccbr.2010.50003
Killeen, P. R. y Jacobs. K. W. (2016). Coal is not black, snow is not white, food is not a reinforcer: the roles of affordances and dispositions in the analysis of behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 40, 17-38. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40614-016-0080-7
Kountouriotis, G. K. y Wilkie, R. M. (2013). Displaying optic flow to simulate locomotion: comparing heading and steering. i-Perception, 4, 333-346. https://doi.org/10.1068%2Fi0590
Mace, W. M. (1977). James J. Gibson’s strategy for perceiving: ask not what’s inside your head, but what your head’s inside of. En R. Shaw y J. Bransford (Eds.), Perceiving, acting and knowing: toward an ecological psychology (pp. 43–65). Erlbaum.
Mace, W. M. (2020). Getting into the ambient optic array and what we might get out of it. En J. Wagman y J. Blau (Eds.), Perception as information detection: reflections on Gibson’s ecological approach to visual perception (pp. 73-89). Taylor and Francis.
Mossio, M. y Taraborelli, D. (2008). Action-dependent perceptual invariants: from ecological to sensorimotor approaches. Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 1324-1340. https://doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.12.003
Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology: Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs.
Roca, J. (2022). Comentario al escrito de Pablo Covarrubias. Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia, 14(2), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rp.e350706
Stahlman, W. D. y Blaisdell, A. P. (2011). The modulation of operant variation by the probability, magnitude, and delay of reinforcement. Learning and Motivation, 42, 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2011.05.001
Tonneau, F. (2011). Holt’s realism: new reasons for behavior analysis. En E. Charles (Ed.), A new look at new realism. the psychology and philosophy of E.B. Holt (pp. 33-55). Transaction Publishers.
Turvey, M. T., Shaw, R. E., Reed, E. S. y Mace, W. M. (1981). Ecological laws of perceiving and acting: in reply to Fodor and Pylyshyn (1981). Cognition, 9, 237-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(81)90002-0
Wagman, J. B. y Blau, J. (2020). Perception as information detection: reflections on Gibson’s ecological approach to visual perception. Taylor and Francis. Wagman, J. B., Lozano, A., Jiménez, Á. A., Covarrubias, P. y Cabrera, F. (2019).
Perception of affordances in the animal kingdom and beyond. En I. Zepeda, F. Cabrera, J. A. Camacho y E. Camacho (Eds.), Aproximaciones al estudio del comportamiento y sus aplicaciones. Vol. ii (pp. 70-108). Universidad de Guadalajara.
Warren, W. H., Kay, B. A., Zosh, W. D. Duchon, A. P. y Sahuc, S. (2001). Optic flow is used to control human walking. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 213-216. https://doi.org/10.1038/84054
Withagen, R. y Van Der Kamp, J. (2010). Towards a new ecological conception of perceptual information: lessons from a developmental systems perspective. Human Movement Science, 29, 149-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2009.09.003
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Texts submitted for evaluation to the Journal of Psychology of the University of Antioquia must have never been published before, nor been accepted for future publication by any other journal.
Upon the Journal’s acceptance for publication of submitted material, the author partially transfers his/her rights on the article, preserving those relative to its non-commercial use and academic circulation as a free-access file.
Except if otherwise decided, this Journal’s content is covered by a Creative Commons licence “Attribution - Non-commercial – share a like” Colombia 4.0. The licence can be checked out here.
