Desarrollo y caracterización de una película activa biodegradable con antioxidantes (alfa-tocoferol) a partir de las proteínas del lactosuero
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.17597Keywords:
Proteínas de lactosuero, alfa-tocoferol, películas, plastificante, biodegradableAbstract
Antecedentes: Las proteínas del suero son un subproducto de la industria de derivados lácteos que actualmente se han convertido en una fuente de contaminación de los efluentes. Estudios han mostrado sus excelentes propiedades para la fabricación de películas y recubrimientos con la adición de antioxidantes, considerada como una alternativa ecológica que reduciría el uso de polímeros sintéticos y garantiza la conservación de algunos alimentos. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar las propiedades mecánicas, ópticas, morfológicas y de biodegradación de una película activa, obtenida a partir de las proteínas extraídas del suero de quesería y el antioxidante natural alfa-tocoferol, para ser utilizada en la conservación de diferentes alimentos. Métodos: Las películas se elaboraron a partir de una solución 10% (w/w) de concentrado de proteínas de lactosuero (WPC) en agua, se adicionó glicerol como plastificante y alfa-tocoferol al 1 y 2% w/w disuelto en etanol. Se evaluaron las propiedades mecánicas de las películas bajo la norma ASTM D882-01; además, se analizaron por espectrofotometría, microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) y se realizó un análisis de biodegradación por control de la pérdida de masa. Resultados: Las películas obtenidas presentaron adecuada apariencia física y coloración ligeramente parda. La tensión disminuyó de manera similar con la adición de alfa-tocoferol al 1 y 2 %; sin embargo, la más alta elongación se presentó para películas con alfa-tocoferol al 1%. Las películas mostraron una excelente propiedad de barrera, en el rango de 300-400 nm de la región UV. Las fotografías en SEM mostraron las microgotas del antioxidante en la superficie de la película y se confirmó el proceso de biodegradación en las películas evaluadas. Conclusión: Las propiedades mecánicas, ópticas, de morfología y biodegradación de las películas fueron directamente afectadas por la cantidad de alfa tocoferol empleada en la formulación. La incorporación del compuesto natural en las películas de proteína tiene un potencial uso para extender la vida útil de alimentos grasos.
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