Contenido de compuestos fenólicos y capacidad antioxidante de extractos de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) obtenidos bajo diferentes condiciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.18852Keywords:
Mora andina, compuestos fenólicos, capacidad antioxidante, ORAC, ultrasonidoAbstract
Antecedentes: La mora contiene compuestos fenólicos que contribuyen a su capacidad antioxidante. El método más común para aislar estas sustancias es la extracción con solventes, que puede asistirse con ultrasonido para aumentar el contenido de analitos extraídos. Objetivos: Determinar las condiciones de tipo y concentración de solvente en agua, y de tiempo de extracción asistida con ultrasonido, con las cuales se obtiene el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos y el valor de capacidad antioxidante más alto en extractos de mora andina (Rubus glaucus Benth). Comparar la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos de mora con la de antioxidantes de referencia como el di-terc-butilhidroxitolueno (BHT) y el a-tocoferol. Métodos: Se hicieron tres diseños de experimentos de dos factores con tres niveles cada uno. Las variables fueron la concentración de acetona, etanol o metanol en agua y el tiempo de extracción asistida con ultrasonido. Los observables-respuesta fueron el contenido total de compuestos fenólicos, que se determinó utilizando el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteu, y la capacidad antioxidante, determinada mediante el ensayo ORAC (capacidad de absorción de radicales de oxígeno). Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación entre las dos variables de respuesta. Se comparó la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos de mora, obtenidos bajo las condiciones inferidas como óptimas, con las del BHT y del a-tocoferol. Resultados: Los extractos adquiridos con soluciones acuosas de acetona al 31% (v/v), asistiendo la extracción con ultrasonido durante 100 min, mostraron los mayores contenidos de compuestos fenólicos (30 ± 1 mg ácido gálico/g mora seca), y los valores de capacidad antioxidante más altos (273 ± 6 mmol Trolox®/g mora seca). El coeficiente de correlación entre las dos variables de respuesta fue 0,92. Los extractos de mora presentaron mejor capacidad antioxidante que el BHT y el a-tocoferol. Conclusiones: Bajo las condiciones óptimas de extracción, con las soluciones acuosas de acetona se obtuvieron el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos y el valor de capacidad antioxidante más alto. Se observó una relación lineal entre las dos variables de respuesta. Los extractos de mora, obtenidos bajo las mejores condiciones halladas, presentaron mayor capacidad antioxidante en comparación con la de los compuestos de referencia analizados.
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