Trends of phytolith analysis in Colombia. A critical review of systematics and methodologies from an archaeological perspective

Abstract

For more than thirty years, phytoliths have been used as paleobotanical indicators in archaeological and paleoecological research in Colombia. However, most studies show limited scope and results, suggesting methodological voids with impacts on their own development and the development of related disciplines. Based on experiences documented by the author as well as a bibliographic database, this paper reviewed the studies that report the recovery, application and analysis of phytoliths in Colombia, recognizing several conceptual and technical problems related to four critical aspects: taxonomy, botanical affinity, taphonomic processes and reference collections. The insights gained suggest that a different and more appropriate approach to these aspects will help overcome the main methodological mishaps as well as the intrinsic restrictions of phytoliths.