Optimización experimental de una formulación de pulpa de uchuva (Physalis peruviana) para mejorar su procesamiento en el secado por atomización
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v22n2a07Keywords:
goma arábiga, maltodextrina, reología, optimización experimental, Physalis peruviana LAbstract
Antecedentes: En Colombia, el fruto de la uchuva (Physalis peruviana) está identificado como un fruto promisorio de exportación, por lo que la mejora de su procesamiento representa contribuir a una mayor competitividad de la cadena. Objetivos: el objetivo de este trabajo fue optimizar en función de parámetros fisicoquímicos y reológicos la formulación de una suspensión a base de pulpa de uchuva mezclada con los aditivos maltodextrina (MD) y goma arábiga (GA) con fines de ser utilizada en secado por atomización. Métodos: La optimización se realizó aplicando un diseño experimental central compuesto mediante superficie de respuesta con dos factores (MD y GA) y variables de respuesta (densidad, ºBrix, aw, pH, y parámetros reológicos). Resultados: La caracterización reológica de las suspensiones mostró un comportamiento tipo adelgazante con esfuerzo de cedencia (Modelo de Hershel-Bulkley). La suspensión que mejor se ajustó a los criterios de optimización para fines de secado por atomización fue para la formulación basada en MD (24%) y GA (0%) con caracterización reológica de Herschel-Bulkley tipo adelgazante con índice de consistencia (K= 0,119±0,017 Pa.sn), índice de potencia (n=0,75±0,03) y esfuerzo de cedencia (τo= 0,092±0,069 Pa). Los resultados para las propiedades fisicoquímicas en el punto optimizado fueron densidad = 1,167±0,005 g/mL, °Brix = 35,5±0,5, aw = 0,974±0,002. El pH y τo no fueron estadísticamente significativos (p>0,05) en la formulación de las suspensiones. Conclusiones: La optimización experimental representa una herramienta importante que permitió obtener una formulación de uchuva con MD y GA apta para secado por aspersión, representando un ahorro en tiempo y dinero para el investigador y la industria.
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