Políticas públicas y salud: relación entre investigación y decisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.250Palabras clave:
Políticas de salud, investigación, proceso político, servicios de saludResumen
Introducción: la gestión de políticas públicas y la investigación son procesos que se complementan. Las primeras deben resolver problemas concretos y las segundas deben ser orientadoras de la decisión hacia cambios sociales benéficos. Sin embargo, no existe una teorización que explique suficientemente las complejas relaciones entre investigaciones y políticas. A continuación se identifican condiciones y tendencias cuya intervención podría optimizar el desempeño de los investigadores en este campo. Objetivo: explorar la relación entre la investigación y las políticas en salud, determinando condiciones y tendencias que permitirán mejorar la intervención de los investigadores frente a las políticas en salud. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica. Resultados: diferentes modelos idealizados pretenden dar cuenta de las relaciones entre investigaciones y políticas, pero se quedan cortos al explicar por qué algunas interacciones son exitosas y otras no. Tanto la investigación como la gestión de políticas son procesos dinámicos que no ocurren siempre de igual manera y cuyos puntos de convergencia se relacionan con cinco dimensiones: el tema o asunto central al que ambas se refieren, las características personales de los investigadores y los políticos, la manera como ambos desarrollan su papel, las presiones del contexto sociopolítico sobre investigadores y políticos y el impacto potencial de los hallazgos. Conclusiones: la influencia potencial de las investigaciones sobre las decisiones políticas depende de múltiples factores, algunos de los cuales han sido identificados por la literatura y podrían ser gobernables por los investigadores. Las publicaciones sugieren que debe promoverse un mayor contacto entre los investigadores y los tomadores de decisiones.
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