Intervenciones comunitarias para la promoción de hábitos alimentarios saludables: resultados de una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.750Keywords:
Hábitos alimentarios, enfermedades cardiovasculares, Programas CINDI, programas CARMEN, promoción de la salud.Abstract
Objetivo: identificar elementos tecnicos de intervenciones comunitarias en hábitos alimentarios, susceptibles de ser implementados en el contexto de ciudades latinoamericanas. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de los estudios publicados desde 1990, enfatizando en la descripción del proceso y la evaluación de la efectividad de las intervenciones. Resultados: de 25 experiencias revisadas, 23 abordaron exclusivamente intervenciones en hábitos alimentarios y las 3 restantes las combinaron con actividad física. Las teorías y modelos de comportamiento utilizadas para fundamentarlas fueron: teoría de las influencias sociales (7), teoría cognitiva social (6), modelo transtéorico (1), la combinación de la teoría cognitiva social y modelo transtéorico (3) y otras aproximaciones teóricas (3); cinco no determinaron la teoría del modelo. Conclusiones: las intervenciones que lograron obtener un mayor efecto contaban con enfoque integral, definición clara de objetivos, caracterización adecuada del problema y participación de la comunidad en el diseño y definición de una etapa de mantenimiento. Se destaca la importancia de validar intervenciones en el contexto de los países latinoamericanos.
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