Therapeutic paracentesis in cirrhotic patients: A review

Abstract

The development of ascites is the most frequent complication of patients with hepatic cirrhosis; usually it leads to decompensation which is associated with worsening prognosis and deterioration of life quality. Clinical studies reveal that approximately 50% of cirrhotic patients with uncomplicated ascites die within two years while 50% of those with refractory ascites, if left untreated, die within six months. Currently, therapeutic measures in cirrhotic patients with ascites are designed to maintain a negative balance of sodium, which is achieved by a restricted salt intake and the use of diuretics. In the case of tense ascites those measures may be insufficient and, therefore, a treatment is required that quickly controls symptoms and improves function. Such treatment must be accompanied by support measures to prevent fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, thus reducing the risk of associated diseases. Paracentesis of great volumes followed by diuretics is considered as the therapy of choice for managing patients with tense ascites.