Adición de Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CB1 en chorizo y morcilla empacados al vacío, para inhibir el crecimiento de Listeria monocytogenes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.10821Keywords:
Biotecnología, Carnobacterium, bacteriocinas, productos cárnicosAbstract
Antecedentes: En años recientes la demanda de productos alimenticios percibidos como “naturales” se ha incrementado de manera importante, los cuales no contienen dentro de sus ingredientes conservantes o aditivos de origen químico o artificial. Al retirar de la fórmula estos conservantes/aditivos artificiales se puede generar en el producto un medio ideal de crecimiento de bacterias alterantes o patógenas. Esto es particularmente cierto en productos cárnicos procesados empacados al vacío, donde su alta actividad acuosa, bajo pH y un largo periodo de almacenamiento a condiciones de refrigeración generan un ambiente ideal para el crecimiento de microorganismos patógenos como Listeria monocytogenes. Por tanto, esto genera la necesidad de nuevas y efectivas tecnologías que permitan su control y eliminación. Los Bio-Conservantes (adición de bacterias vivas a los productos cárnicos) ofrecen una solución ideal a este tipo de problemas directamente relacionados con la seguridad alimentaria, y a la vez satisfacen la demanda por parte de los consumidores de productos saludables. Objetivos: Determinar si el cultivo C. maltaromaticum CB1 puede controlar el crecimiento de una cepa nativa de L. monocytogenes en morcilla y chorizo empacados al vacío (película de baja permeabilidad al oxigeno). Métodos: Tres lotes diferentes de chorizo y morcilla producidos a nivel industrial fueron posteriormente inoculados con una cepa nativa de L. monocytogenes a un nivel de 102 UFC/g junto con el bio-conservante C. maltaromaticum CB1 a un nivel de 103 UFC/g. A los tratamientos denominados como control no se les aplicó el bio-conservante. Después de ser empacados al vacío, los productos fueron almacenados a dos temperaturas diferentes de 4°C (refrigeración) y 8°C (abuso de temperatura) durante 35 días. En intervalos de 7 días se hizo recuentos del crecimiento de la L. monocytogenes utilizando agar Oxford. Resultados: Se obtuvo una reducción significativa (P < 0.05) en los recuentos de L. monocytogenes tanto en la morcilla como en el chorizo tratados con bio-conservante C. maltaromaticum CB1 y almacenados a 4°C y 8°C respectivamente, en comparación con los productos denominados control. Conclusiones: La cepa de C. maltaromaticum CB1 demostró ser efectiva en el control del crecimiento de la cepa nativa de L. monocytogenes en chorizo y morcilla.Downloads
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