Em nome de Nida: Institucionalizando o pensamento evangélico por meio dos estudos de tradução

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.mut.v18n2a04

Palavras-chave:

Eugene Nida, disciplinary history, missionary translation, indigenous translation, human rights

Resumo

Este artigo revisita criticamente o reconhecimento simbólico de Eugene Nida nos estudos de tradução à luz de seu envolvimento em organizações missionárias e na formação de tradutores missionários. Examinamos como a recepção de Eugene Nida nos estudos de tradução contribuiu para legitimar as atividades missionárias evangélicas ao longo da história e hoje em dia. Nossa análise ilustra primeiro vários modos de representação de Nida nos estudos de tradução e estabelece ligações com o Instituto Linguístico de Verão. Posteriormente, descrevemos como o envolvimento ativo de Nida em organizações missionárias desempenhou um papel crítico no estabelecimento da legitimidade acadêmica desse movimento. Por fim, incorporamos essas descobertas em uma discussão mais ampla sobre a relação entre os estudos de tradução e a tradução missionária. Nossas conclusões mostram a necessidade de um debate acadêmico aprofundado com o objetivo de reavaliar o posicionamento de figuras-chave dentro do cânone disciplinar e reconstruir os efeitos da tradução missionária dos séculos XX e XXI sobre os direitos dos povos indígenas, suas cosmovisões e seus territórios.

|Resumo
= 103 veces | PDF (ENGLISH)
= 90 veces| | EPUB (ENGLISH)
= 3 veces|

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Rafael Schögler, University of Graz/Université de Sherbrooke

Professor de tradução e estudos de tradução na Université de Sherbrooke, Canadá, e professor associado na Universidade de Graz, Áustria. Colaborou com Christina Korak em “Towards a Cosmovision Turn: Challenging Basic Translation Theory” (TAI 599, FWF). Seus interesses de pesquisa abrangem as dimensões políticas e sociais da tradução do conhecimento, desde a tradução de livros nas ciências sociais e humanas até a tradução de cosmovisões indígenas e seus efeitos sobre os povos indígenas. É editor associado da Translation in Society (John Benjamins) e publicou recentemente Die Politik der Buchübersetzung: Entwicklungslinien in den Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften nach 1945 com a Campus em OpenAccess.

Christina Korak, University of Graz, Austria

Trabalha como intérprete para migrantes, é pesquisadora de pós-doutorado no Departamento de Estudos de Tradução da Universidade de Graz e vice-presidente da Associação Austríaca de Pesquisadores sobre a América Latina. Em seu projeto atual, “Remembering_Resistance: Women’s Translations of Territorial, Linguistic and Cultural rights” (Memória_Resistência: Traduções femininas dos direitos territoriais, linguísticos e culturais), ela trabalha em parceria com o Departamento de Direitos Humanos da Universidade Andina Simón Bolívar, em Quito; o Coletivo de Direitos Indígenas, em Graz; e a ONG Fundación Pachamama, no Peru/Equador, para promover processos comunitários de memória com líderes Waorani da Amazônia. Em 2024, a Promedia publicou seu livro Den Jaguar dolmetschen. Sprachgebrauch und Rechte der Waorani Ecuadors (Interpretando o jaguar. Uso da língua e direitos do povo Waorani do Equador).

Referências

Aldridge, B., & Simons, G. F. (2018, February 2). Kenneth Pike and the making of Wycliffe Bible Translators and SIL International. Christianity Today. https://www.christianitytoday.com/2018/02/kenneth-pike-sil-wycliffe/

Aldridge, F. A. (2012). The development of the Wycliffe Bible Translators and the Summer Institute of Linguistics 1934-1982. [PhD Dissertation]. University of Stirling.

Álvarez, R. R., & Vidal, C., (Eds.). (1996). Translation, power, subversion (Topics in Translation 8). Multilingual Matters.

American Bible Society (2024). Nida Institute. American Bible Society. https://ministry.americanbible.org/nida-institute

Baer, B. J. (2020). On origins: The mythistory of translation studies and the geopolitics of knowledge. The Translator, 26(3), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2020.1843755

Baker, M. (2016). The prefigurative politics of translation in place-based movements of protest. The Translator, 22(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2016.1148438

Bandia, P. F. (2008). Translation as reparation: Writing and translation in postcolonial Africa. Routledge.

Barriga, L. F. (1992). Las culturas indígenas ecuatorianas y el Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. Ediciones Amauta.

Baumgarten, S., & Bourgadel, C. (2024). Digitalisation, neo-taylorism and translation in the 2020s. Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice, 32(3), 508–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2023.2285844

Baumgarten, S., & Schröter, M. (2018). Discourse analysis, interpreting and translation. In K. Malmkjær (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of translation studies and linguistics (pp. 135–150). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group (Routledge handbooks in translation and interpreting studies). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315692845-10

Bielsa, E. (2023). A translational sociology. Interdisciplinary perspectives on politics and society. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003218890

Bielsa, E., & Hughes, C. W. (Eds.). (2009). Globalization, political violence and translation. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230235410

Blumczynski, P., & Hephzibah, I. (2018). Translation and religious encounters. In S. Harding & O. Carbonell Cortes (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of translation and culture, (pp. 207–222). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315670898-11

Blumczynski, P. (2019). Bible, Jewish and Christian. In M. Baker & G. Saldanha (Eds.), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies (3rd ed., pp. 40–46). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324_9781315678627-10

Calvin, G. (2004). The history of the Reina-Valera 1960 Spanish bible. Morris.

Chakrabarty, D. (2008). Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial thought and historical difference (2nd Ed.). Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400828654

Chamberlain, L. (1988). Gender and the metaphorics of translation. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 13(3), 454–472. https://doi.org/10.1086/494428

Chesterman, A. (2017). Reflections on translation theory: Selected papers 1993–2014. John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.132

Cheung, M. P.Y. (2011). The (un)importance of flagging Chineseness: Making sense of a recurrent theme in contemporary Chinese discourses on translation. Translation Studies, 4(1), 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2011.528681

Colegio de Etnólogos y Antropólogos Sociales A. C. (1979). Dominación ideológica y ciencia social. El ILV en México: Declaración José C. Mariátegui. Nueva Lectura.

Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca. (2004). ¿Qué pasaría si la escuela...? 30 años de construcción de una educación propia. Programa de Educación bilingüe e intercultural; Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca.

Delabastita, D. (2018.) Literary research. In L. D’hulst & Y. Gambier (Eds.), A history of modern translation knowledge (chapter 6.2, pp. 367–376). John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.142

Doerr, N. (2018). Political translation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108355087

Drumond, M. C. (2004). A missão Summer Institute of Linguistics e o indigenismo latino-americano: história de uma aliança (décadas de 1930 a 1970). Revista de Antropología, 47(1), 45–84. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-77012004000100002

Elson, B. (1991). Permission is not enough. In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.), The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 101–104). Wycliffe Bible Translators (Originally published in 1974).

Epps, P., & Ladley, H. (2009). Syntax, souls, or speakers? On SIL and community language development. Language, 85(3), 640–646. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0155

Forest and Agriculture Organization (FAO) & Fund for the Development of Indigenous Peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean (FILAC). (2021). Forest governance by indigenous and tribal peoples: An opportunity for climate action in Latin America and the Caribbean. FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2953en

Former Branch Director. (1991). Learning The Hard Way. In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.), The Wycliffe Sapphire (p. 84; (originally published in 1974). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Flores Jácome, J. A. (2016). Educación y desigualdades sociales : análisis de las misiones religiosas protestantes (1960-1970) y del proyecto de las “Unidades Educativas del Milenio” (2006-2014) en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. CLACSO. https://biblioteca-repositorio.clacso.edu.ar/handle/CLACSO/11211

Flotow, L. von. (1997). Translation and gender: Translating in the "Era of Feminism" (series: Translation Theories Explained). St. Jerome.

Fondo Documental Flacso Ecuador. (1981). Entrevista a Blanca Chancoso Narrativas de Mujeres Indígenas [Unpublished interview]. Flacso Ecuador.

Franco, L. G. (2024). Lomalinda: enclave de un proyecto moderno-colonial. Notas sobre el Instituto Lingüístico de Verano en Colombia. Revista CS, 42(a05). https://doi.org/10.18046/recs.i42.05

Gentzler, E. (1993). Contemporary translation theories. Routledge.

Gobierno de Ecuador, Administración del Sr. Dr. Dn. José María Velasco Ibarra, Presidente Constitucional de la República, Registro Oficial Nº. 83, 9 (pp. 697–698). December 1952, Quito.

Hart, L. (1973). La historia de los traductores Wycliffe pacificando las últimas fronteras. Boletín de Antropología, 4(15), 147–186. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.boan.336997

Instituto Lingüístico de Verano (1969). Entre los Aucas. La obra civilizadora del Instituto Lingüístico de Verano entre los aucas [Report] SIL.

Israel, H. (2021). Ethics of translating sacred texts. In N. Pokorn & K. Koskinen (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of translation and ethics (pp. 441–457). Routledge.

Israel, H. (2022). Introduction. In H. Israel (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of translation and religion (pp. 1–19). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315443485

Jammes, J. (2022). Nation, damned nation and statistics. Social Sciences and Missions, 35(1–2), 97–136. https://doi.org/10.1163/18748945-bja10047

Kelletat, A. F. (2021). Das Germersheimer Übersetzerlexikon. In E., Agazzi et al. (Eds.), Übersetzen. Theorien, Praktiken und Strategien der europäischen Germanistik. Akte der Jahrestagung des italienischen Germanistenverbandes − 13. bis 15. Juni 2019 (pp. 57–67). Peter Lang.

Krysińska-Kałużna, M. (2016). La actividad misionera de unas misiones de fe entre los grupos indígenas de la región amazónica y los intereses políticos de los gobiernos latinoamericanos. Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales, 3(71), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.17951/al.2016.3.71

Langendoen, D. T. (2013). Eugene Albert Nida. Language, 89(1), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2013.0008

Larson, L. M. (1991). The Summer Institute of Linguistics and translation. The Bible Translator, 42(2a), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/026009439104202A04

Little, C. R. (2024). The history of the Summer Institute of Linguistics at the University of Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America, 9(1), 5736. https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v9i1.5736

Merton, R. K. (1973). The normative structure of science [1942]. In N. W. Storer (Ed.), The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations (pp. 267–278). Chicago University Press.

Ministerio de Educación/ILV (1971). Convenio Ministerio de Educación - Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, 04. February 1971, Lima.

Montaluisa, C. L. (2012). C. Semiótica intercultural. Introducción. In Universidad de Cuenca, Unicef & DINEIB (Eds.), Sabiduría de la cultura Waodani de la Amazonía ecuatoriana (pp. 267–301). Universidad de Cuenca/Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias; Departamento de Estudios Interculturales; Subsecretaría de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe; DINEIB; Unicef; Gobierno de Finlandia.

Munday, J., Ramos Pinto, S. & Blakesley, J. (2022). Introducing translation studies. Theories and applications. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429352461

Narváez, I. (2008). Huaorani: mundos paralelos, mundos superpuestos y submundos. In G. Fontaine & A. Puyana La guerra del fuego. Políticas petroleras y crisis energética en América Latina (pp. 256–282). FLACSO Ecuador; Ministerio de Cultura.

Nenquimo, N. & Anderson, M. (2024). We Will Not Be Saved: A memoir of hope and resistance in the Amazon rainforest. Wildfire.

Nida, E. A. (1950). Questions and answers. The Bible Translator, 1(2), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/000608445000100204

Nida, E. A. (1957). Learning a foreign language. A handbook prepared especially for missionaries. Friendship Press.

Nida, E. A. (1960). Message and mission. The communication of the Christian faith. Harper & Row.

Nida, E. A. (1964). Toward a science of translating. Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004495746

Nida, E. A. (1986). Customs and cultures. Anthropology for Christian missions (Originally published in 1954). Ninth William Carey Library.

Nida, E. A. (1988). My pilgrimage in mission. International Bulletin of Mission Research, 12(2), 62–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/239693938801200204

Nida, E. A. (1991a). Trends in bible translating within the United Bible Societies. The Bible Translator, 42(2a), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/026009439104202A02

Nida, E. A. (1991b). My linguistic odyssey. In E. F. K. Körner (Ed.) First person singular II: Autobiographies by North American scholars in the language sciences (pp. 227–239) John Benjamins (Studies in the History of the Language Sciences 61). https://doi.org/10.1075/sihols.61.13nid

Nida, E. A. (2003). Fascinated by languages. John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.119

Nida, E. A., & Smalley, W. A. (1959). Introducing animism. Friendship Press.

Organization of American States (2016). American declaration on the rights of Indigenous peoples. https://www.oas.org/en/sare/documents/decamind.pdf

Ortiz, F. (2002). Contrapunteo cubano del tabaco y el azúcar (Originaly published in 1940). Ediciones Cátedra.

Pike, K. L. (1959). Our own tongue wherein we were born. Bible Translator, 10(2), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/000608445901000203

Price, J. M. (2023). Translation and epistemicide. Racialization of languages in the Americas. The University of Arizona Press. https://doi.org/10.1353/book.102408

Prunč, E. (2002). Einführung in die Translationswissenschaft. Band 1 Orientierungsrahmen. Institut für Translationswissenschaft.

Pym, A. (2010). Exploring translation theories. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203869291

Pym, A. (2008). ‘All things to all to all people’: On Nida and involvement. In R. Dimitriu & M. Shlesinger (Eds.), Translators and their readers. In homage to Eugene A. Nida (pp. 317–332). Les Éditions du Hazard.

Quesada, M. (1991). Language and man’s dignity. In R. Pittman (Ed.), The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 31–33; originally published in 1978). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Rice, M. (2022). Power and positionality: A case study of linguistics’ relationship to Indigenous peoples. Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America, 7(1), 5295. https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v7i1.5295

Rival, L. (1996). Hijos del sol, padres del jaguar: los Huaorani de ayer y hoy. Abya-Yala.

Rivas, A., & Rommel, L. (2001). Conservación y petróleo en la Amazonia Ecuatoriana: Un acercamiento al caso huaorani. EcoCiencia; Abya-Yala.

Pittman, R.S. (1991a). Why are you two? In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.), The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 6–9; originally published in 1974). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Pittman, R. S. (1991b). Priorities and protocol. In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.), The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 80–84; originally published in 1974). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Sander, C. (2007). Den Tätern des Wortes auf der Spur. SIL International/Wycliffe Bible Translators und die Kontroverse um Christliche Sprachwissenschaft und Mission; Sprach- und Sozialphilosophische Analysen und Hintergründe. [Diploma Thesis, Universität Wien].

Schieffelin, B. B. (2014). Christianizing language and the dis-placement of culture in Bosavi, Papua New Guinea. Current Anthropology, 55, 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1086/677896

Simnowitz, A. (2015). Muslim idiom translation: Assessing so-called scripture translation for Muslim audiences with a look into its origins in Eugene A. Nida’s theories of dynamic equivalence and cultural anthropology [Unpublished Master’s thesis, Columbia University].

Simnowitz, A. (2023, September 23). The desecration of Bible translation (part II): The linguistics background of Eugene Nida’s dynamic equivalence. Journal of Biblical Missiology. https://biblicalmissiology.org/blog/2023/09/25/the-desecration-of-bible-translation-part-ii-the-linguistics-background-of-eugene-nidas-dynamic-equivalence/

Simon, S. (1987). Délivrer la bible : la théorie d’Eugène Nida. Méta, 32(4), 429–437. https://doi.org/10.7202/004151ar

Stine, P. C. (2004). Let the words be written: The lasting influence of Eugene A. Nida. Society of Biblical Literature (Society of Biblical Literature Biblical Scholarship in North America 21).

Stine, P. C. (2012). Eugene A. Nida: Theoretician of translation. International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 36(1), 38–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/239693931203600113

Stoll, D. (1981). Words can be used in so many ways. In S. Hvalkof & P. Aaby (Eds.), Is God an American? An anthropological perspective on the missionary work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA). https://etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com/local--files/biblio%3Ahvalkof-1981-god/Hvalkof_Aaby_1981_Is_God_an_American_OCR.pdf#page=25

Stoll, D. (1982). The Summer Institute of Linguistics and Indigenous movements. Latin American Perspectives, 9(2), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X8200900205

Stoll, D. (1985). ¿Pescadores de hombres o fundadores de imperio? El Instituto Lingüístico de Verano en América Latina. Abya Yala. https://www.nodulo.org/bib/stoll/ilv.htm

Svelmoe, W. L. (2008). A new vision for missions: William Cameron Townsend, the Wycliffe Bible Translators, and the culture of early Evangelical faith missions, 1896–1945. University of Alabama Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.30346921

Svelmoe, W. L. (2009). ‘We do not want to masquerade as linguists’: A short history of SIL and the academy. Language, 85(3), 629–635. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0153

Thomson-Wohlgemuth, G. (2007). On the other side of the wall: Book production, censorship and translation in East Germany. In F. Billiani (Ed.) Modes of censorship and translation. National contexts and diverse media (pp. 93–116). St. Jerome.

Townsend, C. [1961] (1991). Scientific approach. In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.), The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 18–19). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Townsend, C. [1977] (1991). Scientific organisation. In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.) The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 27–28¸ originally published in 1974). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Townsend, C. (1991a). Columbus could not have felt more emotion than I. In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.) The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 2–5; originally published in 1974). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Townsend, C. (1991b). Specialists serving all. In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.), The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 22–24; originally published in 1974). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Townsend, C. (1991c). Honor to whom honor is due. In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.), The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 86–90; originally published in 1974). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Townsend, C. (1991d). We’re in the people business. In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.), The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 53–58). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Townsend, C. (1991e). Is God the sun ... or a boa? In R. Pittman, J. Gullman, T. Johnson & M. Owen (Eds.), The Wycliffe Sapphire (pp. 29–30; originally published in 1974). Wycliffe Bible Translators.

Tryuk, M. (2016). Interpreters in the Concentration Camp of Majdanek (1941–1944). In M. Wolf (Ed.), Interpreting in Nazi concentration camps (pp. 115–134). Bloomsbury (Literatures, cultures, translation).

Tymoczko, M, & Gentzler, E. (2002). Translation and power. University of Massachusetts Press.

Uribarri Zenekorta, I. (2013). Philosophical collections, translation and censorship: The role of collections in the reception of modern philosophy in 19th and 20th century Spain. In T. Seruya, L. D’Hulst, A. A. Rosa & M. L. Moniz (Eds.), Translation in anthologies and collections (19th and 20th centuries (pp. 247–258). John Benjamins (Benjamins Translation Library 107). https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.107.20uri

Venuti, L. (1995). The translatorʼs invisibility. A history of translation. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203360064

Venuti, L. (2017). The translatorʼs invisibility. A history of translation (reissued). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315098746

Wolf, M. (2020). Primo Levi’s grey zone and the ambiguity of translation in Nazi concentration camps. In F. Italiano (Ed.), The dark side of translation (pp. 59–75). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429321528-3

Woodsworth, J., & Delisle, J. (Eds.). (2012). Translators through history. John Benjamins.

Wycliffe Global Alliance. (2024). Beginning of a movement. Wycliffe Global Alliance. https://www.wycliffe.net/what-we-do/articles-for-further-reflection/the-wycliffe-global-alliance-and-bible-translation-movements/beginning-of-a-movement/

Ziegler-Otero, L. (2004). Resistance in an Amazonian community. Huaorani organizing against the global economy. Berghahn. https://doi.org/10.3167/9781571814487

Publicado

2025-09-24

Como Citar

Schögler, R., & Korak, C. (2025). Em nome de Nida: Institucionalizando o pensamento evangélico por meio dos estudos de tradução. Mutatis Mutandis. Revista Latinoamericana De Traducción, 18(2), 344–369. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.mut.v18n2a04