Efecto de ingesta de calcio del desayuno en la termogénesis alimentaria y oxidación de grasas postprandial en mujeres con sobrepeso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.penh.v20n1a05Palabras clave:
Oxidación, ácidos grasos, termogénesis, calcio, obesidad, vitamina D.Resumen
Antecedentes: una alta ingesta de calcio se relaciona con mayor termogénesis alimentaria y oxidación de grasa posprandial. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la ingesta de calcio del desayuno con termogénesis alimentaria y oxidación de grasas posprandial, en mujeres con sobrepeso. Materiales y métodos: estudio experimental, aleatorizado, conformado por 16 mujeres (ocho en el grupo experimental y ocho en el grupo control) entre 20-25 años. Se evaluó IMC, composición corporal mediante bioimpedanciometría, tasa metabólica en reposo en ayuno y posprandial mediante calorimetría indirecta, oxidación de grasa mediante cociente respiratorio y vitamina D sérica por radioinmunoensayo. Se administró al azar un desayuno isocalórico (377 kcal), alto en calcio (625 mg) o habitual en calcio (306 mg). Se describió con mediana y percentiles, y se comparó con pruebas Mann-Whitney y Wilcoxon para muestras pareadas. Resultados: la mediana de masa grasa y masa libre de grasa fue 30,9 % (27,5-33,9); 69,1 % (66,2-72,5) en el grupo experimental y 32,2 % (30,1-34,7); 67,8 % (65,3-69,9) en el grupo control (p=0,372). El grupo experimental mostró un aumento estadísticamente significativo en la termogénesis posprandial después del desayuno (p=0,035). Ambos grupos mostraron una mediana en cociente respiratorio posprandial aproximado a 1, (p=0,207), oxidando preferentemente carbohidratos. Conclusiones: las mujeres con desayuno alto en calcio presentan posterior al desayuno mayor termogénesis alimentaria, pero no mayor oxidación de grasa posprandial.
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