CAROTENOIDES Y SALUD HUMANA
: COMPARACIÓN DE LOS EFECTOS EN POBLACIÓN SANA Y CON RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR. REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
Keywords:
carotenoides, ensayo clinico, salud humana, riesgo cardiovascularAbstract
Introducción. Los carotenoides son pigmentos sintetizados principalmente por plantas. Los humanos no pueden sintetizarlos, pero son esenciales para ciertas funciones biológicas, por lo cual deben obtenerlos de la dieta. Los carotenoides pueden también actuar como antioxidantes, pero su biodisponibilidad y efectos pueden variar dependiendo de la matriz alimenticia y los factores de riesgo de la población que los consume. Objetivo. Analizar la evidencia científica disponible respecto de la biodisponibilidad de los carotenoides y su función en la salud humana, especialmente sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular -cv-, lípidos sanguíneos, lipoproteínas, estrés oxidativo, intolerancia a la glucosa e inflamación, tanto en población sana como con riesgo cv. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión crítica de la literatura de artículos originales publicados en las bases de datos de PubMed, ScienceDirect, y lilacs. Se incluyeron todos los artículos con las palabras “Carotenoid and clinical trial” en el título, resumen y/o palabras clave. Resultados. No hubo diferencias importantes en los cambios observados después del consumo de suplementos de carotenoides o de dietas ricas en carotenoides, para algunos biomarcadores lipídicos, inflamatorios y antioxidantes entre población sana y con riesgo cv. Sin embargo, se evidencia que la disponibilidad de los carotenoides dietarios en población sana puede ser diferente a la de población con riesgo cv. Conclusiones. Aunque las diferencias metodológicas entre los estudios hacen difícil su comparación, los resultados sugieren que el consumo de carotenoides podría desempeñar un papel como una estrategia con un enfoque más preventivo que como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la población con riesgo cv.
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