Clorhidrato de creatina versus monohidrato de creatina. Diferencias en solubilidad, efectos ergogénicos y composición corporal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.penh.346208Palabras clave:
creatina, fuerza muscular, rendimiento atlético, suplementos dietéticos, adiposidad, composición corporal, efectos ergogénicosResumen
Antecedentes: la creatinina monohidratada ha sido ampliamente estudiada en el rendimiento deportivo. Desde hace poco, se han explorado otras moléculas que suponen resultados superiores, como el clorhidrato de creatina, que promete tener una mejor solubilidad y beneficios similares en el rendimiento deportivo y la composición corporal. Objetivo: presentar las diferencias entre creatinina monohidratada y clorhidrato de creatina en términos de solubilidad, rendimiento deportivo y composición corporal. Materiales y métodos: revisión de artículos científicos en humanos y animales, publicados entre el 2009 y el 2020. Resultados: en relación con la solubilidad y las propiedades químicas, el clorhidrato de creatina tiene mayor peso molecular, solubilidad, absorción y biodisponibilidad, y menor pH, efectos adversos y dosis para logar efectos ergogénicos que la creatina monohidrato. Respecto al rendimiento deportivo y composición corporal, ambas moléculas presentaron mejoras en el rendimiento y fuerza máxima. No todos los estudios mostraron disminución en la masa grasa para clorhidrato de creatina, la cual presentó menor retención intramuscular de agua. Conclusión: existe una tendencia a favor del clorhidrato de creatina respecto a la solubilidad y la composición corporal. No se encontró evidencia suficiente para concluir que sus efectos en el rendimiento deportivo, sobre todo en términos de fuerza, sean superiores a los del clorhidrato de creatina.
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