Descripción y discusión acerca de los métodos de análisis de fibra y del valor nutricional de forrajes y alimentos para animales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.596Keywords:
Fibra, anàlisis de alimentos, esquma Van Soest, sistema de anàlisis Weende, Fiber, food analysis, Van Soest scheme, Weende system of analysisAbstract
Es necesario contar con un mayor volumen de forrajes de adecuado valor nutricional mejorando así la cadena agroalimentaria y disminuyendo el uso extensivo de la tierra en cultivos para ganadería. Una alternativa la constituyen los procesos biotecnológicos con pastos mejorados por fermentaciones con hongos basidiomicetos, pero determinar el cambio en los componentes del forraje con el proceso de fermentación y su relación con el valor nutricional es complicado. Existen numerosas publicaciones sobre técnicas para evaluar componentes de un forraje; el sistema detergente es el más utilizado, aunque existen métodos más modernos. La accesibilidad y los costos de estos métodos son factores limitantes para muchos laboratorios. Algunos de ellos no están reconocidos como métodos oficiales de análisis. En este artículo se describe y discute especialmente el sistema detergente para evaluar el valor nutricional de alimentos para rumiantes, y las dificultades de interpretación. Se concluye que en el análisis de forrajes sometidos a procesos de biodegradación, los valores de lignina y celulosa por el sistema van Soest encontrados entre blancos y muestras, no corresponden al contenido total de lignina o celulosa de la muestra biodegradada. Se deben utilizar otros métodos más precisos como la espectroscopia IRTF (Infrarrojo con Transformada de Fourier) o la NIRs (Infrarrojo cercano) para caracterizar estas muestras.Downloads
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