Aspectos termodinámicos de la solvatación y la dilución de acetanilida y fenacetina en algunos solventes orgánicos y acuosos mutuamente saturados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.775Keywords:
Acetanilide, phenacetin, solvation, dilution, partition coefficient, organic solvents, solution thermodynamics, Acetanilida, fenacetina, solvataciòn, diluciòn, coeficiente de reparto, solventes orgànicos, termodinamica de solucionesAbstract
La acetanilida (ACN) y la fenacetina (FNC) son dos compuestos estructuralmente relacionados con el acetaminofeno que son ampliamente utilizados en química farmacéutica como fármacos modelo. Con base en valores termodinámicos publicados para los procesos de disolución, reparto y sublimación de la ACN y la FNC, presentados a 25,0 °C, se calculan las funciones termodinámicas de solvatación de los dos fármacos en agua saturada de ciclohexano (W(CH)), ciclohexano saturado de agua (CH(W)), agua saturada de cloroformo (W(CLF)), cloroformo saturado de agua (CLF(W)), agua saturada de miristato de isopropilo (W(MIP)) y miristato de isopropilo saturado de agua (MIP(W)), así como las respectivas funciones termodinámicas de los fármacos en los solventes orgánicos. Las energías libres de Gibbs de solvatación son favorables en todos los casos. Las respectivas entalpías y entropías son negativas indicando una conducción entálpica para el proceso de solvatación en todos los casos. De otro lado, las energías libres de dilución son favorables para ACN y PNC en MIP(W) pero desfavorables en los otros solventes orgánicos, mientras que las respectivas entalpías y entropías son negativas para los dos fármacos en todos los solventes orgánicos, excepto para PNC en CH(W), lo que indica que el proceso de dilución es conducido entálpicamente en los primeros casos y entrópicamente en el último. A partir de los valores termodinámicos obtenidos para los procesos de transferencia se desarrolla una interpretación en términos de interacciones soluto-soluto y soluto-solvente.Downloads
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