Perinatal effects of basuco consumption during pregnancy

Abstract

We performed a cohort study, to investigate the effects of maternal basuco consumption on fetuses and newborn infants; the exposed cohort consisted of a group of 23 addict pregnant women; the control cohort was constituted by 20 non-addict, non-smoking pregnant women; newborn infants of both groups were checked to detect general and brain growth retardation, neurological abnormalities, and alterations of liver and kidney functions; blood lead concentrations were measured in the mothers and infants. In the exposed infants we found retardation of general and brain growth; neurological involvement evidenced by irritability, nausea and weak cry; also by depression of the sucking, stepping response, Landau and placing reflexes (in the latter three, duration of the depression but not its frequency was significantly higher in the exposed infants); bone changes consisting of maturation delay and metaphyseal dense streaks attributable to lead deposition. Despite significantly higher blood-lead levels in the exposed mothers and infants no evidence could be found of liver, kidney or hematological alterations; lead-poisoning signs were absent. Based on these findings we conclude that fetal exposure to basuco is associated with high blood lead. Levels, generalized growth retardation which includes the brain, bone lesions and a clear-cut but self-limited neurological syndrome