Aspectos alimentarios y nutricionales en el manejo de la esclerosis múltiple
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.penh.v24n2a05Palabras clave:
Esclerosis múltiple, nutrientes, nutrición, dieta, micronutrientes, ácidos grasos, antioxidantes.Resumen
Antecedentes: la esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad multifactorial del sistema nervioso central; en ella, factores nutricionales podrían estar relacionados tanto positiva como negativamente con el curso de la enfermedad. Objetivo: describir aspectos nutricionales y alimentarios en los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple que pueden tener importancia en la etiología y progresión de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: búsqueda sistemática de estudios observacionales y experimentales en las bases de datos Scopus, Pubmed, Lilacs, Embase y SciELO entre enero del 2009 y agosto del 2020. Resultados: una dieta similar al patrón mediterráneo se relacionó con la disminución en la fatiga y menores tasas de recaída; bajos niveles séricos de B12, magnesio y vitamina K exhibieron latencias prolongadas de potenciales evocados visuales y somatosensoriales, peores puntuaciones en la escala de estado de discapacidad extendida y mayor prevalencia de lesiones del nervio óptico, respectivamente. Conclusión: las funciones antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes y reguladoras de los nutrientes, como los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, el selenio, el zinc, el magnesio, la vitamina B12 y la vitamina K, contribuyen al manejo integral del paciente con esclerosis múltiple. Más estudios son requeridos para precisar la efectividad y el impacto de la intervención.
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