La fritura de los alimentos: pérdida y ganancia de nutrientes en los alimentos fritos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.penh.9367Palabras clave:
fritura, nutrientes, alimentos, aceites, grasas, cocciónResumen
La fritura es uno de los métodos de cocción más simples. Consiste en calentar aceite o grasa comestible entre 160 y 180°C e introducir el alimento para su cocción. Este método se caracteriza por formar una “costra” en la superficie del alimento y generar un sabor característico, agradable. Durante la fritura se presentan cambios en la composición nutricional de los alimentos, estos dependen del tipo de grasa, de las características propias del alimento, del tiempo, la temperatura y demás condiciones del proceso. Entre los cambios que más comúnmente se presentan está el aumento en el contenido de la grasa total o disminución, en el caso de los alimentos ricos en ésta con una tendencia similar al aceite o grasa utilizado. Con relación al contenido de vitaminas y minerales, las pérdidas de estos componentes son menores cuando se compara el método de fritura con otros métodos de cocción, debido a la rapidez del proceso. Durante el proceso de fritura también ocurren cambios indeseables como la formación de oxiesteroles por oxidación del colesterol cuando se fríen alimentos de origen animal o en grasa animal, y formación de acrilamidas, ambos compuestos relacionados con el aumento del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles como las cardiovasculares y el cáncer.
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