Efecto del tiempo de almacenamiento sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y antioxidantes de pulpa congelada y liofilizada del fruto de agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v23n3a04Abstract
Antecedentes: Agraz es una baya globosa, de color púrpura intenso cuando está madura. Posee alta capacidad antioxidante comparada con bayas del mismo género, atribuido al contenido de compuestos polifenólicos. Objetivo: Evaluar la composición, actividad antioxidante y algunos parámetros microbiológicos de pulpa de agraz congelada (PAC) y pulpa de agraz liofilizada (PAL) y analizar su comportamiento durante 60 días de almacenamiento. MÉTODOS: Se midieron pH, °Brix, acidez titulable, % humedad, cenizas, grasa, proteína, carbohidratos, calorías totales y actividad acuosa a intervalos de 15 días durante el almacenamiento. En las mismas condiciones se determinó el contenido de fenoles y antocianinas totales mediante Folin-Ciocalteau y método diferencial de pH, respectivamente. La actividad antioxidante mediante FRAP y ORAC. Resultados: Se presentó poca variación y diferencias no significativas (p<0,05) durante el almacenamiento en pH, °Brix, aw (liofilizado), % humedad, grasa, cenizas, carbohidratos y calorías totales para PAC y PAL, indicando estabilidad de éstas variables a través del tiempo de almacenamiento. La acidez titulable expresada en mg de ácido cítrico/ml, varió significativamente (p<0,05) a través del tiempo de almacenamiento para PAC y PAL entre 1,65-1,82 y 4,66-4,79 respectivamente. La proteína varió durante el almacenamiento para PAC y PAL entre 1,25-2,10 g y 4,70-5,20 g, y se observó para ambos un aumento significativo entre el día 15 y 60 de almacenamiento. PAC y PAL presentaron pérdidas significativas del contenido de antocianinas, fenoles totales y valor FRAP durante el almacenamiento; sin embargo la PAL conservó hasta el día 60 alto contenido de fenoles totales: 1046 mg eq de ácido gálico/100g), antocianinas totales: 82,64 (mg eq de cianidin-3-glicosido/100g), capacidad reductora (FRAP): 1032,17 (mg de ácido ascórbico/100g) y valor ORAC 33935 (µmol Trolox /100g). CONCLUSIÓN: las variables fisicoquímicas analizadas en la PAL fueron estables y se conservó el contenido de compuestos polifenólicos por mayor tiempo comparado con la PAC. Considerando que el agraz tiene dos temporadas de cosecha al año en Colombia (mayo y diciembre), la liofilización es una estrategia que permitirá al productor abastecimiento constante de la fruta para el mercado.Downloads
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