TOXINOLOGY IN COLOMBIA: CONTRIBUTIONS OF PROGRAMA DE OFIDISMO/ESCORPIONISMO AND OTHER RESEARCH GROUPS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v26n3a01Keywords:
Toxins, Venoms, Toxinology, Colombia, Antivenoms, Biomedicine.Abstract
Background: Toxinology is a field of toxicology involved in studying toxins from animals, plants and microorganisms. In Colombia, in last thirty years, this area has been mainly studied by Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo of the Universidad de Antioquia, however, some other research groups have been also contributed in our knowledge of venoms, toxin, effects and treatments. Objective: highlights the most important findings in toxinology made by Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo and other research groups in Colombia. Methods: we collected and analyze119 manuscripts dealing with the history of ophidiology and toxinology in Colombia. Results: we describe some useful terms to understand the toxinology and their scopes. In addition, we build a brief history of ophidiology beginning with the period corresponding to the discovery of America, and ending with recent findings. Finally, we perform a great description of several results related to toxin isolation, characterization, antivenoms, clinical trials, new species descriptions, pretoemic and transcriptomic, among other. The nineteens was characterized by the study of snakebites, their clinic manifestations and the use of antivenoms. In addition, the ethnopharmacological studies of medicinal plants used in snakebite treatments began to be explored. The 2000s included the newly ethnopharmacology, toxin isolation, clinical trials, inhibitor studies, scorpion venom characterization and scorpion stings features. Finally, from 2010 until today, proteomic and transcriptomic gave the most important findings. Conclusions: Toxinology works in Colombia have contributed in our knowledge about endemic species, clinical manifestations of snakebites and scorpion stings, however, we invite to Colciencias and other funding agencies to have more resources in order to support more researchers in this field, since, snakebite is a public neglected disease and need more attention from governments and academic people. Finally, we still have ignorance about the venoms of some species and their possible mode of action. In addition, given the complexity of venoms, we ignore the potential use of toxins in current biomedicine. Thus, we must continue performing studies in toxinology.
Downloads
References
Fernández G. Sumario de la Historia Natural de las Indias. Editorial fascimilar, Linkgua Ediciones SL. Barcelona; 2008. 368 p. Available in: http://repositorios.cihac.fcs.ucr.ac.cr/cmelendez/ bitstream/123456789/573/1/SumarioNaturalHistoriaIndias.pdf
Gumilla J. El Orinoco ilustrado, y defendido: historia natural, civil, y geographica de este gran río, y de sus caudalosas vertientes. Capitulo XIV, De las culebras venenosas de aquellos países y sus remedios prácticos. Nabu Press. USA. 2011. 572 p. Available in: http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:10045
De Vargas P. Estudio sobre el guaco contra el veneno de las culebras. Periódico de la Ciudad de Santafé Bogotá. 1791; 34-5.
Otero R, Fonnegra R, Jiménez SL, Núñez V, Evans N, Alzate SP, García ME, Saldarriaga M, Del Valle G, Osorio RG, Díaz A, Valderrama R, Duque A. Snakebites and ethnobotany in the northwest region of Colombia: Part I: traditional use of plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71(3):493-504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00243-9
Lozano JT, “Memoria sobre las serpientes”. Semanario del Nuevo Reino de Granada, Editorial Minerva. Bogotá. 1942. 107-132 p.
Restrepo J. Un mordido de serpiente. An La Acad Med Medellín. 1887; 32-3.
Posada Arango A. Apuntamientos para la ofidiología Colombiana. An La Acad Med Medellín. 1889; 2:45-9.
Uribe Ángel M. Método de la neutralización del veneno de la serpeinte en el organismo. An La Acad Med Medellín. 1892;4:187-90.
Uribe Ángel M. Ofidiología, asunto importante de la actualidad. An La Acad Med Medellín. 1892;4:89-93.
García E. Los ofidios venenosos del Cauca. París: Editorial de Vda de C. Bouret; 1896. 102 p. Available in: https://archive.org/details/losofidiosveneno01garc/page/n8/mode/2up
Posada Arango A. Estudios científicos del doctor Andrés Posada [1909]. Medellín, Colombia. Editorial Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano. 2012. 253-283 p.
Daniel H. Las Serpientes en Colombia. Rev la Fac Agron Medellín. 1949;10(36):301-33. Available in: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/refame/article/view/29830/30126
Daniel H. Algunos aspectos de la lucha biológica. Rev la Fac Agron Medellín. 1955;17(48):3-168. Available in: http://bdigital.unal.edu.co/31144/1/30275-109378-1-PB.pdf
Niceforo M. Los Ofidios de Colombia. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias. 1942;5(16):84-101.
Medem F. El desarrollo de la herpetología en Colombia. Rev la Acad Colomb Ciencias Exactas, Fisícas y Nat. 1968;13(50):149-99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.573
Ángel R. Serpientes de Colombia. Su relación con el hombre. Medellín: Ediciones Especiales del Fondo de Publicaciones; 1987. Available in: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/refame/article/view/37929/40165
Ángel R. Serpientes: mitos y realidades. Medellín: Editorial Universidad CES; 2017.
Haad S. Las serpientes del género Bothrops en la amazonia colombiana: aspectos biomedicos (epidemiología, clínica y biología del ofidismo). Acta Médica Colomb. 1989;14(3):148-65. Available in: http://www.actamedicacolombiana.com/anexo/articulos/03-1989-04.pdf
Haad S, Franco FL, Maldonado J. Una nueva especie de LiotyphlopsPeters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana. Biota Colombiana. 2008; 9(2): 295-
Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/491/49120960005.pdf
Cañas CA, Castro F, Castaño RS. Serpientes venenosas: lecciones aprendidas desde Colombia. Fundación Clínica Valle del Lili. editor. Cali; 2016. Available in: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291043411_Serpientes_venenosas_lecciones_aprendidas_desde_Colombia
Lomonte B, Gutiérrez J, Furtado M, Otero R, Rosso JP, Vargas O, et al. Isolation of basic myotoxins from Bothrops moojeni and Bothrops atrox snake venoms. Toxicon. 1990;28(10):1137-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(90)90114-M
Otero R, Osorio RG, Valderrama R, Giraldo CA. Efectos farmacológicos y enzimaticos de los venenos de serpientes de Antioquia y Chocó (Colombia). Toxicon. 1992;30(5–6):611-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(92)90855-Y
Otero R, Tobón G, Gómez L, Osorio R, Valderrama R, Hoyos D, et al. Accidente ofídico en Antioquia y Chocó. Aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos (marzo de 1989 - febrero de 1990). Acta Médica Colomb. 1992;17:21. Available in: http://www.actamedicacolombiana.com/anexo/articulos/04-1992-04-.pdf
Otero R, Hernández RV, Osorio RG, Posada LE. Programa de atención primaria del accidente ofídico: una propuesta para Colombia. Iatreia. 1992;5(2):96-102. Available in https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/iatreia/article/view/3481
Otero R, Nuñez V, Osorio RG, Gutiérrez J, Giraldo CA, Posada LE. Ability of six Latin American antivenoms to neutralize the venom of mapaná equis (Bothrops atrox) from Antioquia and Chocó (Colombia). Toxicon. 1995;85: 809-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(95)00009-B
Otero R, Núñez V, Gutiérrez JM, Robles A, Estrada R, Osorio RG, et al. Neutralizing capacity of a new monovalent anti-Bothrops atrox antivenom: Comparison with two commercial antivenoms. Brazilian J Med Biol Res. 1997;30(3):375-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X1997000300011
Otero R, Gutiérrez JM, Núñez V, Robles A, Estrada R, Segura E, et al. A randomized double-blind clinical trial of two antivenoms in patients bitten by Bothrops atrox in Colombia and the regional group on antivenom therapy research. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1996;90:696-700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90442-3
Otero R, Cardoso JLC, Higashi HG, Núñez V, Diaz A, Toro MF, et al. A randomized, blinded, comparative trial of one pepsindigested and two whole IgG antivenoms for Bothrops snake bites in Urabá, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;58(2):183-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1998.58.183
Rojas G, Nu V, Otero R, Gutie JM, Dõâ A, Miranda E, et al. A randomized blinded clinical trial of two antivenoms, prepared by caprylic acid or ammonium sulphate fractionation of IgG, in Bothrops and Porthidium snake bites in Colombia: correlation between safety and biochemical characteristics of antivenoms. Toxicon. 1999; 37(6):895-908. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0041-0101(98)00220-7
Otero R, Furtado MF, Gonçalves C, Núñez V, García ME, Osorio G, Romero M, Gutiérrez JM. Comparative study of the venoms of three subspecies of Lachesis muta (bushmaster) from Brazil, Colombia and Costa Rica. Toxicon. 1998;36(12):2021-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-0101(98)00089-0
Otero R, Núñez V, Jiménez SL, Fonnegra R, Osorio RG, García ME, et al. Snakebites and ethnobotany in the northwest region of Colombia: Part II: neutralization of lethal and enzymatic effects of Bothrops atrox venom. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71(3):505-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00197-X
Otero R, Núñez V, Barona J, Fonnegra R, Jiménez SL, Osorio RG, et al. Snakebites and ethnobotany in the northwest region of Colombia: Part III: Neutralization of the haemorrhagic effect of Bothrops atrox venom. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;73(1):233-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00321-4
Núñez V, Otero R, Barona J, Saldarriaga M, Osorio RG, Fonnegra R, et al. Neutralization of the edema-forming,
defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom by extracts of plants used by healers in Colombia. Brazilian J Med Biol Res. 2004;37(7):969-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2004000700005
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Vitae
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice and Open Access Statement
The Journal Vitae works under the Open Access license, and the published manuscripts remain available for the public, both on the Journal's website and in databases, under the Creative Commons license, "Noncommercial Attribution" and "Share alike" systems, adopted in Colombia. Hence, when the authors agree to publish in the Journal Vitae, they will not have the right to economic retributions on publications and reproductions through different diffusion media. The documents are freely available to the internet public, permitting users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts and pass them as data to software. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be appropriately acknowledged and cited.
Authors declare that:
-
They are the intellectual property owners and are responsible for all the information stated in the article.
-
This manuscript has not been submitted or published in other printed or digital media. They accept the responsibility for the judgments, opinions, and points of view expressed in the published article and, therefore, they exonerate Universidad de Antioquia and Journal Vitae from any process.
-
They exempt Universidad de Antioquia and Journal Vitae from settling conflicts or disputes related to the authorship of the referred article.
-
They accept the revision of the original manuscript by suitable personnel, and they bind themselves to perform the corrections appointed or suggested by the assessors.
-
Therefore, they know the editorial process and will not bind the Editorial Board of the Journal to assume any obligations regarding the volume and issue in which the article is published.
-
They transfer the rights of publication, reprinting, and distribution of the article from the moment of its approval, in print and digital format, without the right to economic rewards, and under the licensing conditions considered relevant by Journal Vitae.
-
They fully authorize Universidad de Antioquia and Journal Vitae to submit the published material to the diverse databases and indexing systems where the Journal can be found to comply with the requirements of the regulatory authorities to maintain the national classification of journals.
-
They will assume the article publication costs established for the current issue, and they will make the payment as soon as they are informed about the volume and the issue in which the final version of the article is published.
-
After the article is published, you can share digital or printed copies in a noncommercial manner. You will be able to use the paper in your institution or company for educational or research purposes, including the use in course programs.
Conflict of interest: Authors are responsible for recognizing and disclosing any financial or other benefits that could be perceived to bias their work, acknowledging all financial support and any personal connections with potential sponsors. Examples of such conflicts include receiving research funds or honoraria, serving on advisory boards, stock ownership, or employment and consulting arrangements. Authors without such connections should clearly state that they have no financial support or personal relationships that could be perceived to bias their work. All conflicts of interest should be disclosed on the author's identification page of the manuscript.
