El sistema de subtitulación aficionada iraní: Una investigación cualitativa

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.mut.v12n2a05

Palabras clave:

subtitulación no profesional, subtitulación aficionada, subtituladores aficionados, subtitulación persa, Irán

Resumen

La cantidad de estudios que abordan la subtitulación no profesional o aficionada, o fansubbing, se ha multiplicado en los últimos años, lo que subraya su relevancia en el mundo actual. Esto se debe en parte a que un número creciente de espectadores en todo el mundo ahora ve series de televisión y películas con subtítulos compartidos en línea por subtituladores no profesionales e Irán no es una excepción. Desde principios de 2010 en adelante, en Irán, numerosos sitios web en lengua persa se han embarcado en una nueva iniciativa para sortear la política de "filtrado cultural" —defendida y dirigida estrictamente por el Estado en el sistema de medios de comunicación nacional—, en la cual series y películas, especialmente estadounidenses, se comparten para descargar con subtítulos en persa. A pesar del aumento de este fenómeno en el contexto iraní, existe poca literatura e investigación sobre la subtitulación persa no profesional. Para llenar este vacío, este artículo busca examinar y analizar las diferentes prácticas estrechamente asociadas a la subtitulación persa. Esto incluye construir un perfil de los subtituladores no profesionales iraníes, junto a una descripción de su proceso de trabajo, seguida de una descripción de los productos subtitulados por aficionados. Los datos se recopilan mediante un cuestionario abierto con una muestra de criterios tomados de los subtituladores no profesionales iraníes, una revisión de los sitios web para compartir subtítulos y videos en Irán, y un examen detallado de las características comunes a los productos subtitulados por aficionados a la lengua persa, incluyendo la velocidad de lectura y la experimentación de los subtituladores aficionados con el original.

|Resumen
= 732 veces | PDF (ENGLISH)
= 672 veces| | HTML (ENGLISH)
= 600 veces|

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Saeed Ameri, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Estudiante de Doctorado en Estudios de Traducción en la Universidad de Ferdowsi, Mashhad, Irán. Profesor de Inglés y Teoría de la Traducción. Miembro de la National Elites Foundation en Irán.

Masood Khoshsaligheh, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Profesor asociado y jefe del Departamento de Inglés en la Universidad Ferdowsi de Mashhad.

Citas

Abdi, Z., & Khoshsaligheh, M. (2018). Applying multimodal transcription to Persian subtitling. Studies About Languages, 32, 21-38.

Antonini, R., & Bucaria, C. (Eds.). (2015). Non-professional interpreting and translation in the media. Wien, Austria: Peter Lang.

Antonini, R., Cirillo, L., Rossato, L., & Torresi, I. (2017a). Introducing NPIT studies. In R. Antonini, L. Cirillo, L. Rossato, & I. Torresi (Eds.), Non-professional interpreting and translation: State of the art and future of an emerging field of research (pp. 2 – 26). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Antonini, R., Cirillo, L., Rossato, L., & Torresi, I. (Eds.). (2017b). Non-professional Interpreting and Translation: State of the art and future of an emerging field of research. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Bogucki, Ł. (2016). Areas and methods of audiovisual translation research (2nd ed.). Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang.

Caffrey, C. (2009). Relevant abuse? Investigating the effects of an abusive subtitling procedure on the perception of TV anime using eye tracker and questionnaire. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.

Cemerin, V., & Toth, M. (2017). An exploration of motives for fansubbing based on several croatian fansubbing communities. In D. Orrego-Carmona & Y. Lee (Eds.), Non-professional subtitling (pp. 199-234): Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Chang, P.-l. (2017). Chinese fansubbing of US TV show “The Big Bang Theory”: From ideological perspectives. In D. Orrego-Carmona & Y. Lee (Eds.), Non-professional subtitling (pp. 235-260). Newcastle, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Chaume, F. (2013). The turn of audiovisual translation: New audiences and new technologies. Translation Spaces, 2(1), 105-123. DOI:10.1075/ts.2.06cha

Chaume, F. (2018). An overview of audiovisual translation: Four methodological turns in a mature discipline. Journal of Audiovisual Translation, 1(1), 40-63.

Diaz Cintas, J. (2015). Technological strides in subtitling. In C. Sin-wai (Ed.), The Routledge encyclopedia of translation technology (pp. 632-643). Abingdon, England: Routledge.

Diaz Cintas, J. (2018). ‘Subtitling’s A Carnival’: New practices in cyberspace. Jostrans: The Journal of Specialised Translation, 30, 127-149.

Diaz Cintas, J., & Muñoz Sánchez, P. (2006). Fansubs: Audiovisual translation in an amateur environment. Jostrans: The Journal of Specialised Translation, 6, 37-52.

Diaz Cintas, J., & Remael, A. (2007). Audiovisual translation: Subtitling. Abingdon, England: Routledge.

Duraner, J. E., Tunali, G., & Koçak, M. I. (2017). Fansubbers as cultural agents for Korean dramas. In D. Orrego-Carmona & Y. Lee (Eds.), Non-professional subtitling (pp. 145-170). Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Dwyer, T. (2012a). Bad-Talk: Media piracy and “Guerrilla” translation. In B. Maher & R. Wilson (Eds.), Words, Images and Performances in Translation (pp. 194–215). New York, NY: Continuum.

Dwyer, T. (2012b). Fansub dreaming on Viki: “Don’t just watch but help when you are free”. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 18(2), 217-243. DOI:10.1080/13556509.2012.10799509

Dwyer, T. (2017). Speaking in subtitles: Revaluing screen translation. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Dwyer, T. (2019). Audiovisual translation and fandom. In L. Pérez-González (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of audiovisual translation (pp. 436-452). London, England: Routledge.

Fazeli Haghpanah, E., & Khoshsaligheh, M. (2018). انگیزه‌ها و دلایل طرفدارزیرنویسی فیلم‌ها و سریال‌های کره‌ای [Fansubbers’ motivations and reasons for subtitling Korean films and TV series]. Language and Translation Studies, 51(3), 1-18.

Gambier, Y. (2013). The position of audiovisual translation studies. In C. Millán & F. Bartrina (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of translation studies (pp. 45-59). Abingdon, England: Routledge.

Guillot, M.-N. (2019). Subtitling on the cusp of its futures. In L. Pérez-González (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of audiovisual translation (pp. 31-47). London, England: Routledge.

Hu, B. (2010). Korean TV serials in the English-language diaspora: Translating difference online and making it racial. The Velvet Light Trap (66), 36-49. DOI:10.1353/vlt.2010.0007

Jalili, A. R. (2001). سی‌دی‌ فیلم‌های روز جهان، با زیرنویس فارسی برای تقویت زبان انگلیسی [CDs of blockbuster movies with Persian subtitles for language learning]. Iranian Film Magazine, 272, 32-33.

Jiménez-Crespo, M. A. (2017). Crowdsourcing and online collaborative translations: expanding the limits of translation studies. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Josephy-Hernández, D. E. (2017). The translation of graphemes in anime in its original and fansubbed versions. TranscUlturAl, 9(1), 78-104.

Karamitroglou, F. (1998). A proposed set of subtitling standards in Europe. Translation Journal, 2(2). Retrieved from https://translationjournal.net/journal/04stndrd.htm

Khatib, G. (2014, May 8). Movie piracy in Iran - part 1: From smuggled videos to illegal downloads. IranWire. Retrieved from https://iranwire.com/en/features/344

Khoshsaligheh, M., & Ameri, S. (2016). Ideological considerations and practice in official dubbing in Iran. Altre modernità, 15(Special Issue), 232-250. DOI:10.13130/2035-7680/6864

Khoshsaligheh, M., & Ameri, S. (2017a). Didactics of audiovisual translation in Iran so far: Prospects and solutions. Paper presented at the National Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches to Translation Education, Tehran, Iran.

Khoshsaligheh, M., & Ameri, S. (2017b). عاملیت مترجم و ویژگی‌های ترجمه غیرحرفه‌ای بازی‌‌های ویدئویی (موردپژوهی آنچارتد 4: فرجام یک دزد) [Translator’s agency and features of non-professional translation of video games (A case study of Uncharted 4: A Thief's End)]. Language Related Research, 8(5), 181-204.

Khoshsaligheh, M., Ameri, S., Khajepour, B., & Shokoohmand, F. (forthcoming). Non-professional subtitling in a dubbing country: The reception of Iranian audience. Observatorio, 13(3).

Khoshsaligheh, M., Ameri, S., & Mehdizadkhani, M. (2018). A Socio-Cultural Study of Taboo Rendition In Persian Fansubbing: An Issue of Resistance. Language and Intercultural Communication, 18(6), 663-680. DOI:10.1080/14708477.2017.1377211

Khoshsaligheh, M., & Fazeli Haghpanah, E. (2016). فرایند و ویژگی‌های زیرنویس غیرحرفه‌ای در ایران [The process and features of fansubtitling in Iran]. Language and Translation Studies, 49(2), 67-95.

Leonard, S. (2005). Progress against the law: Anime and fandom, with the key to the globalization of culture. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 8(3), 281-305. DOI:10.1177/1367877905055679

Luczaj, K., & Holy-Luczaj, M. (2017). Those who help us understand our favourite global TV series in a local language: Qualitative meta-analysis of research on local fansub groups. Babel, 63(2), 153-173. DOI:10.1075/babel.63.2.01luc

Luczaj, K., Holy-Luczaj, M., & Cwiek-Rogalska, K. (2014). Fansubbers. The case of the Czech Republic and Poland. The Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology, 4(2), 175-198.

Massidda, S. (2015). Audiovisual Translation in the Digital Age: The Italian Fansubbing Phenomenon. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan.

Massidda, S., & Casarini, A. (2017). Sub me do: The development of fansubbing in traditional dubbing countries – the case of Italy. In D. Orrego-Carmona & Y. Lee (Eds.), Non-professional subtitling (pp. 63-86). Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Naficy, H. (2012). A social history of Iranian cinema: The globalizing era, 1984–2010 (Vol. 4). London, England: Duke University Press.

Netflix. (2018). General subtitling guidelines. Retrieved from https://backlothelp.netflix.com/hc/en-us/articles/215758617-Timed-Text-Style-Guide-General-Requirements

Nornes, A. M. (1999). For an Abusive Subtitling. Film Quarterly, 52(3), 17-34. DOI:10.2307/1213822

Orrego-Carmona, D. (2015). Internal structures and workflows in collaborative subtitling. In R. Antonini & C. Bucaria (Eds.), Non-professional interpreting and translation in the media (pp. 211-230). Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang.

Orrego-Carmona, D. (2018). New audiences, international distribution, and translation. In E. D. Giovanni & Y. Gambier (Eds.), Reception studies and audiovisual translation (pp. 321-342). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Orrego-Carmona, D., & Lee, Y. (2017a). Non-professional subtitling. In D. Orrego-Carmona & Y. Lee (Eds.), Non-professional subtitling (pp. 1-14). Newcastle, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Orrego-Carmona, D., & Lee, Y. (Eds.). (2017b). Non-professional subtitling. Newcastle, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Orrego-Carmona, D., & Richter, S. (2018). Tracking the distribution of non-professional subtitles to study new audiences. Observatorio, 12(4), 64-68.

Pedersen, J. (2011). Subtitling norms for television: An exploration focussing on extralinguistic cultural references. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Pedersen, J. (2017). The FAR model: Assessing quality in interlingual subtitling. Jostrans: The Journal of Specialised Translation, 28, 210-229.

Pedersen, J. (2019). Fansubbing in subtitling land: An investigation into the nature of fansubs in Sweden. Target, 31(1), 50–76. DOI:10.1075/target.18017.ped

Perego, E. (2008). Subtitles and line-breaks: Towards improved readability. In D. Chiaro, C. Heiss, & C. Bucaria (Eds.), Between text and image: Updating research in screen translation (pp. 211–223). Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins.

Perego, E. (2014). Humour and audiovisual translation: An overview. In G. L. D. Rosa, F. Bianchi, A. D. Laurentiis, & E. Perego (Eds.), Translating humour in audiovisual texts (pp. 9-14). Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang.

Pérez-González, L. (2007a). Fansubbing anime: Insights into the butterfly effect of globalisation on audiovisual translation. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 14(4), 260-277. DOI:10.1080/09076760708669043

Pérez-González, L. (2007b). Intervention in new amateur subtitling cultures: A multimodal account. Linguistica Antverpiensia, 6, 67-80.

Pérez-González, L. (2014). Audiovisual translation: Theories, methods and issues. London, England: Routledge.

Ranzato, I. (2016). Translating culture specific references on television: The case of dubbing. Abingdon, England: Routledge.

Shajarikohan, S. (2011). شکل‌گیری پدیده زیرنویس فارسی: دیروز و امروز [The emergence of the Persian subtitling phenomenon: Past and present]. Iranian Film Magazine, 434, 31-34.

Szarkowska, A., Krejtz, I., Pilipczuk, O., Dutka, Ł., & Kruger, J.-L. (2016). The effects of text editing and subtitle presentation rate on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among deaf, hard of hearing and hearing viewers. Across Languages and Cultures, 17(2), 183-204. DOI:10.1556/084.2016.17.2.3

Wang, D. (2017). Fansubbing in China – With reference to the fansubbing group YYeTs. Jostrans: The Journal of Specialised Translation, 28, 165-190.

Wu, Z. (2017). The making and unmaking of non-professional subtitling communities in China: A mixed-method study. In D. Orrego-Carmona & Y. Lee (Eds.), Non-professional subtitling (pp. 115-144). Newcastle, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Zeydabadi-Nejad, S. (2016). Watching the forbidden: Reception of banned films in Iran. In M. Hagener, V. Hediger, & A. Strohmaier (Eds.), The state of post-cinema: Tracing the moving image in the age of digital dissemination (pp. 99-113). London, England: Palgrave Macmillan.

Zhang, L. T., & Cassany, D. (2017). Fansubbing from Spanish to Chinese: organization, roles and norms in collaborative writing. BiD: textos universitaris de biblioteconomia i documentació, 37. Retrieved from http://bid.ub.edu/en/37/tian.htm

Forte, L. (Producer), & Wedge, C. (Director). (2002). Ice Age 1. [Animation]. United States: Blue Sky Studios.

Grossman, N. (Producer), & Tyldum, M. (Director). (2014). The Imitation Game. [Motion picture]. United States: Black Bear Pictures.

Kinberg, S. (Producer), & Miller, M. (Director). (2014). Deadpool. [Motion picture]. United States: Marvel Entertainment.

Nunnari, G. (Producer), & Snyder, Z. (Director). (2006). 300. [Motion picture]. United States: Legendary Pictures.

Permut, D. (Producer), & Woo, J. (Director). (1997). Face/Off. [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures.

Perry, P. (Producer), & Quale, S. (Director). (2011). Final Destination 5. [Motion picture]. United States: New Line Cinema.

Silver, J. (Producer), & Wachowski, L., & Wachowski, L. (Directors). (1999). The Matrix. [Motion picture]. United States & Australia: Warner Bros.

Stuber, S. (Producer), & MacFarlane, S. (Director). (2012). Ted. [Motion picture]. United States: Media Rights Capital.

Walker, J. (Producer), & Torres, G. (Director). (2011). Brake. [Motion picture]. United States: Walking West Entertainment.

Walker-McBay, P. (Producer), & Linklater, R. (Director). (1995). Before Sunrise. [Motion picture]. United States: Castle Rock Entertainment.

Wallace, R. (Producer), & Wallace, R. (Director). (1998). The Man in the Iron Mask. [Motion picture]. United States: United Artists.

Ziskin, L. (Producer), & Raimi, S. (Director). (2007). Spider-Man 3. [Motion picture]. United States: Columbia Pictures.

Publicado

2019-09-06

Cómo citar

Ameri, S., & Khoshsaligheh, M. (2019). El sistema de subtitulación aficionada iraní: Una investigación cualitativa. Mutatis Mutandis. Revista Latinoamericana De Traducción, 12(2), 433–453. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.mut.v12n2a05