Comorbidities associated with death of patients from COVID-19 in Colombia
Keywords:
Coronavirus, pandemic, immune system, healthy nutrition, arterial hypertensionAbstract
Background: At the beginning of January 2020, the World Health Organization announced the presence of the virus associated with COVID-19 in Central China, in the city of Wuhan, capital of Hubei. The virus is frequently transmitted through coughing, sneezing, or the expulsion of aqueous particles that can occur during direct dialogue between human beings. Objective: To evaluate COVID-19 deaths associated with comorbidities by age groups in Colombia between 2019 and 2020. Materials and methods: For the investigative process, a univariate frequency analysis expressed as a percentage, correlation analysis using the non-parametric Spearman method, and the multivariate principal components technique were considered. Results: The highest correlation related to death from COVID-19 occurs in older age groups, being highly significant (p <0.0001). In people over 80 years of age, the comorbidity cause with the highest percentage associated with death from COVID-19 was high blood pressure (95% confidence interval), followed by respiratory problems. The younger group was characterized by other unidentified causes and cardiac problems. Conclusion: Regardless of age range, high blood pressure was the comorbidity that was most associated with death in patients from COVID-19 in Colombia between 2019 and 2020. In general, the comorbidity with the highest incidence in people between 20 and 49 years of age was obesity.
Downloads
References
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395: 1054–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30566-3
Gombart A, Pierre A, Maggini S. A Review of micronutrients and the immune system–working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients. 2020; 12(1): 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010236
Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020; 579: 270-3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
Hu B, Guo H, Zhou P, Li Shi Z. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021; 19: 141-54. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7
Maggi J, De Paula O, Miranda C, Moreira T, Dos Santos P, Nishimura F. What do we know about COVID-19? A review article. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2020; 66(4):534-40. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.66.4.534
Parasher A. COVID-19: Current understanding of its pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment. Postgrad Med J. 2021; 97:312-20. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138577
Chen C, Zhang XR, Ju ZY, He WF. Advances in the research of cytokine storm mechanism induced by Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the corresponding immunotherapies. Chin J Burns. 2020; 36(6): 471-5. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200224-00088
Di Gennaro F, Pizzol D, Marotta C, Antunes M, Recalbuto V, Veronese N, et al. Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19). Current status and future perspectives: A narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(8): 2690. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082690
Shereen MA, Khan S, Kazmi A, Bashir N, Siddique R. COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. J Adv Res. 2020; 24: 91-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2020.03.005
Cortes WAG, Ortiz JAP, Ospina MAR, Córdoba DLH. Coronavirus desease (COVID-19) como causa de mortalidad en Colombia. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2021; 56(4): 244-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2021.04.002
Tafur LA, Rosero AS, Remolina SA, Millán M, Arévalo M, Lema E, Zorrilla A, et al. Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in the first wave in Cali, Colombia. Acta Colomb Cuid Intensiv. 2022; 22:S36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acci.2021.12.002
Alvarez C, Valderrama SL, Silva R, De La Hoz IH, Varón FA, Martínez S, et al. Associated factors for mortality in a COVID-19 colombian cohort: is the third wave relevant when Mu variant was predominant epidemiologically? Travel Med Infect Dis. 2023; 53(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102579
Instituto Nacional de Salud. COVID-19 en Colombia. Corte 07-06-2023. https://www.ins.gov.co/Noticias/Paginas/Coronavirus.aspx
Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Resolución 8430 de 1993, por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud. https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/RESOLUCION-8430-DE-1993.PDF
Organización Panamericana de la Salud y Consejo de Organizaciones Internacionales de las Ciencias Médicas. Pautas éticas internacionales para la investigación relacionada con la salud con seres humanos. Cuarta Edición. Ginebra: Consejo de Organizaciones Internacionales de las Ciencias Médicas (CIOMS); 2016. https://cioms.ch/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/CIOMS-EthicalGuideline_SP_INTERIOR-FINAL.pdf
Comisión Nacional para la Protección de los Sujetos Humanos de Investigación Biomédica y Comportamental. Informe Belmont. Principios y guías éticos para la protección de los sujetos humanos de investigación. USA; 1979. https://www.bioeticayderecho.ub.edu/archivos/norm/InformeBelmont.pdf
Asociación Médica Mundial. Declaración de HELSINKI de la AMM. Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. Helsinki-Finlandia; 1964. https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/
Wu YC, Chen CS, Chan YJ. The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview. J Chin Med Assoc. 2020; 83(3): 217-20 https://doi.org/10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000270
Franco VD, Morales L, Baltrons R, Rodríguez CR, Urbina O, López C. Mortalidad por COVID-19 asociada a comorbilidades en pacientes del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social. Alerta. 2021; 4(2):28-37. https://doi.org/10.5377/alerta.v4i2.10366
Mehta V, Goel S, Kabarriti R, Cole D, Goldfinger M, Acuna-Villaorduna A, et al. Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York Hospital System. Cancer Discov. 2020; 10(7): 935-41. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0516
Yupari I, Bardales L, Rodriguez J, Barros JS, Rodríguez A. Factores de riesgo de mortalidad por covid-19 en pacientes hospitalizados: un modelo de regresión logística. Rev Fac Med Hum. 2021; 21(1):19-27. https://doi.org/10.25176/RFMH.v21i1.3264
Díaz JE. Comorbilidades de los fallecidos por COVID-19 según el grupo etario en Colombia. Repert Med Cir. 2020; 29(Supl.1):118-22. https://doi.org/10.31260/RepertMedCir.01217372.1130
Torres M, Caracas N, Peña B, Juáre, JG., Medina AX., Martínez MR. Infección por coronavirus en pacientes con diabetes. Arch Cardiol Mex. 2020; 90(Supl). https://doi.org/10.24875/ACM.M20000068
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. Jama. 2020; 323(13): 1239-42. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648
García ME., Bell J, Romero DE, Ferrales N. La COVID-19 en personas hipertensas. Medisan. 2020; 24(3). http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=368463477014
Du RH, Liang LR, Yang CQ, Wan W, Cao TZ, Li M, et al. Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: A prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2020; 55(6). https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/early/2020/04/01/13993003.00524-2020.full.pdf
Tenorio J, Hurtado Y. Revisión sobre obesidad como factor de riesgo para mortalidad por COVID-19. Acta Med Perú. 2020; 37(3):324-9. https://doi.org/10.35663/amp.2020.373.1197
Huttunen R, Syrjänen J. Obesity and the risk and outcome of infection. Int J Obes (Lond); 2013; 37(3):333-40. https://doi.org/10.1038/ ijo.2012.62
Figueroa JF., Salas D, Cabrera JS, Alvarado CC, Buitrago AF. COVID-19 y enfermedad cardiovascular. Revista Colombiana de Cardiología. 2020; 27(3):166-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.rccar.2020.04.004
Siddiqi HK, Mehra MR. COVID-19 Illness in native and immunosuppressed states: a clinical-therapeutic staging proposal. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2020; 39(5): 405-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.03.012
Chérrez I, Gochicoa L, Salles A, Mautong H. Seguimiento de los pacientes después de neumonía por COVID-19. Secuelas pulmonares. Rev Alerg Mex. 2020; 67(4):350-69. https://doi.org/10.29262/ram.v67i4.847
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Universidad de Antioquia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Derechos de autor 2024 Universidad de Antioquia
