Linguistic Hegemony of the English language in Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.15315Keywords:
Hegemony, English, global, dominance, resistance, Nigerian languagesAbstract
the subject of linguistic hegemony and language dominance has been taken up in many studies since the wake of the twentieth century. The common denominator among these studies appears to be the linguistic hegemony of the English language as a global language and the survival of the other languages of the world. This paper critically reviews the trend that has been reported in Nigeria and re-assesses some of the proposed resistance mechanisms in literature. The aim is to proffer solutions to the reported domination of English and its effect on Nigeria's local languages. The author believes that some views about the linguistic hegemony of English might have been exaggerated thereby influencing some suggested resistance mechanisms. Thus, this paper proposes a context-sensitive and pragmatic resistant mechanism that might place the hegemony of English in the right perspective and thus conserve local languages in multilingual societies, especially in Nigeria.
Downloads
References
Adegbite, W. (2003). Enlightenment and attitudes of the Nigerian elite on the roles of languages in Nigeria. Language, Culture and Curriculum 16(2), 185-196.
Adeyemi, A. (2008). Empowering African languages: Rethinking the strategies. The Journal of Pan African Studies, 23, 14-32.
Ammon, U. (1992). Gengo-to Sono Chii. Translated by Y. Hieda and H. Yamashita. Tokyo: Sangensha.
Awonusi, S. (2004). Globalization and hegemonic English in Nigeria: Identity conflicts and linguistic pluralism. In Oni, D. et al (Eds.) Nigeria and Globalization (pp. 85-102). Lagos: Centre for Blacks and African Arts Civilization.
Awonusi, S. Linguistic hegemony and the plight of minority languages in Nigeria. Retrieved From http://www.reseau-amerique-latine.fr/ceisal-bruxelles/ESE/ESE-7-AWONUSI.pdf 27.3.2013
Babalola, E. T. (2002). The development and preservation of Nigerian languages and cultures: The role of the Local Government. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia: International Review of English Studies. Retrieved from [www document] URL: http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+development+and+preservation+of+Nigerian+languages+and+cultures:...-a09557178810/10/2007
Bamgbose, A. (1996). Post-imperial English in Nigeria 1940-1990. In Fishman, J. A. Conrad, A. W. & Rubal-Lopez, A. (Eds.) Post-Imperial English (pp. 357-372). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Bamgbose, A. (1998). Language as a resource: An African perspective. In Read, M. J. & Webb, V. (Eds). Working Papers in the Role of the African Languages in Democratic South Africa. R http://www.up.ac.za/academic/libarts/crpl/1998-03-05-Bamgbose.pdf 30.5.2007
Bamgbose, A. (1999). African language development and language planning. Social Dynamics, 25(1), 13-30.
Banjo, A. L. (1996). Making a Virtue of Necessity: An Overview of the English Language in Nigeria. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
Brankston, C. & Henry, J. (1998). The silence of the Gators: Cajun ethnicity and intergenerational transmission of Louisiana French. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 19, 1-23.
Crystal, D. (2003). English as a World Language. London: Penguin.
Crystal, D. (2006). English worldwide. In R. Hogg & D. Denison (Eds.). A history of the English language (pp.420-439). London, England: Routledge.
Cummings, J. (1984). Bilingualism and special education: Issues in assessment and pedagogy. San Diego: College-Hill Press.
De Swaan, A. (2001). Words of the world: The global language system. Malden, Mass: Polity Press.
Eriksen, T. H. (1992). Linguistic hegemony and minority resistance. International Peace Research Institute, 29, 313-332.
Euromonitor International (2000). The Benefits of the English language for individuals and societies: quantitative indicators from Cameroon, Nigeria, Rwanda, Bangladesh and Pakistan. http://www.englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/books.resource-packs/benefits-english-language-individuals-and-societies
Fafunwa, Babs (1974). History ofeEducation in Nigeria. London: Allen and Unwin.
Fontana, B. (1993). Hegemony and power: On the relation between Gramsci and Machiavelli. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Frank, D. (1993). Political, religious, and economic factors affecting language choice in Saint Lucia. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 102, 39-56.
Gramci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith. New York: International Publishers.
Guo, Y. & Beckett, G. H. (2007). The hegemony of English as a global language: Reclaiming local knowledge and culture in China. Convergence, 40(1/2), 117-132.
Jibril, M. (2007). New directions in African linguistics. In Akinrinade, S. , D. Fasina, J. Famakinwa & D. O. Ogungbile (Eds.) Rethinking the Humanities in Africa (pp. 281-290). Ile-Ife: Faculty of Arts, Obafemi Awolowo University.
Kachru, Braj, B. 1995. Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer Circle. In R. Quirk and H. Widdowson (Eds.) English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literatures (pp 11-30). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kachru, Braj B. (1991). Liberation linguistics and the Quirk concern. Engilsh Today, 7(1), 3-13.
Kaplan, R. B. (1993). The hegemony of English in science and technology. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 14, 151-172.
Kembo, Jane (2000). ''Language in education and language learning in Africa. In Webb and Kembo-Sure (Eds.) African Voices: The Introduction to the languages and linguistics of Africa (pp. 286-311). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Koenig, E. L. (1980). Ethnicity: The key variable in a case study of language maintenance and language shift. Ethnicity, 7, 1-14.
Matsuda, A. (2012). Principles and practices of teaching English as an international language. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Mollin, Sandra (2007). New variety or learner English? Criteria for variety status and the case of Euro English. English World-Wide, 28(2), 167-185.
Mustapha, A. S. (2012). Bilinguals and monolinguals' performance in English language in Nigeria. International Journal of English Research, 1(1), 78-87.
Ngugi wa, T. (1981). Decolonizing the mind: The politics of language in African literature. London: James Carey.
Nwachukwu, P. A. (2003). Four decades of linguistics in Nigeria: Achievements, issues and principles. In N. Ozo-mekuri (Ed.) Four Decades in the study of languages and linguistics in Nigeria.(pp 13-25). Aba: National Institute of Nigerian Languages.
Obododimma, Oha (2004). National politics and the deconstruction of linguistic subjectivity in Nigeria. In Segun Awonusi and E. A. Babalola (Eds) The Domestication of English in Nigeria, (pp 280 – 297). Lagos: University of Lagos Press.
Okorie, O. (2008). Language culture and power: tripartite assets for developing human capital and self-reliance in Nigeria. Journal of Nigerian Languages and Culture, 10(2), 123-134.
O Riagain, P. (1994). Language maintenance and language shift as strategies of social reproduction. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 15, 179-197.
Ortiz, R. (2011). The hegemony of the English language and the social sciences. Retrieved from Isa-global-dialogue.net/the-hegemony-of-the-english-language-and-the-social-sciences/
Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. London: Oxford University Press.
Phillipson, R. (1999). International languages and international human rights. In M. Kontra, R. Phillipson, T. Skutnabb-Kangas and T. Varady (Eds.) Language: A right and a resource. (pp 25-46). Budapest: Central European University Press.
Priestly, T. (1994). Effects of educational and social mobility on language maintenance, language attitudes and language structure: The case of Sele in Carinthia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 15, 199-217.
Quirk, R. (1990). Language varieties and standard usage. English Today, 21, 3-10.
Sabec, N. (2003). English at the crossroads: The inner circle versus the expanding circle. In B. Kettleman & G. Marko (Eds.), Expanding circles, transcending disciplines, and multimodal texts. (pp. 79-86). Tubingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Seidlhofer, B. (2005). English as a lingua franca. ELT Journal, 59(4), 339-340.
Shannon, S. 1995. The hegemony of English: A case study of one bilingual classroom as a site of resistance. Linguistics and Education 7, 175-200.
Shumann, E. (2012). Effects of English hegemony on Education. Retrieved from http://l2mastery.com/blog/languages/english-language/effects-of-english-hegemony-on-education 26/7/2012
Skutnabb-Kangas, T & Phillipson, R. (1995). Linguistic Human Rights: Overcoming Linguistic Discrimination. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Sonaiya, C. (2007). Language matters: Exploring the dimensions of multilingualism. Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife: Inaugural Lecture Series 199. Ile Ife: Obafemi Awolowo, University Press Limited.
Suarez, D. (2002). The paradox of linguistic hegemony and the maintenance of Spanish as a heritage language language in the United States. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23(6), 512-530.
Tietze. S., & Dick, P. (2012). The victorious English language: Hegemonic practices in the management academy. Journal of Management Inquiry, 20(10), 1-13.
Tsudo, Y. The hegemony of English and strategies for linguistic pluralism: Proposing the ecology of language paradigm. Retrieved from http://miresperanto.com/en/english_as_intern/hegemony_of_english.html 26/07/2012
Tsuda, Y. (1992). Dominance of English and linguistic discrimination. Media Development, 39(1), 32-34.
Uwajeh, M. C. K. (2003). The marginalization of indigenous Nigerian languages in Nigeria. In Ozo-kekuri, N. (Ed.) Four Decades in the Study of Languages and Linguistics in Nigeria. (pp 103-116). Port Harcourt: Department of Linguistics and Communication Studies.
Van Deusen-Scholl, N. (2000). Toward a definition of heritage language: Pedagogical and sociopolitical considerations. Unpublished paper presented at the American Association of Applied Linguistics (AAAL), Vancouver, British Columbia.
Webb, Vic (1994). Revalorizing the autochthonous languages of Africa. In Putz, M. (ed.) Language Contact and Language Conflict. (pp 181-203). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Webb, Vic and Kembo-Sure (2000). Languages in competition. In V. Kembo and Kembo-Sure (Eds.), African Voices, (pp 109-132). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wiley, T. G. (2000). Language planning and policy. In McKay, S. L. and N. H. Hornberger, N. H. (Eds.) Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching (pp 103-147). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yagmur, K., De Bot, K. & Korzillus, (1999). Language attrition, language shift and ethnolinguistic vitality of Turkish in Australia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 20, 51-69.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.