Neutralización del contraste fonémico en la comunidad bilingüe hablante de creol y español en el archipiélago de San Andrés, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.v27n1a07Palabras clave:
Archipiélago de San Andrés, róticas no vibrantes, español raizal, criollo sanandresano, duración segmental, contacto lingüístico, neutralización, contraste fonémicoResumen
Este estudio examina la duración segmental de las róticas no vibrantes en una situación de contacto originada en el caribe occidental donde un criollo de base inglesa coexiste con el español: el Archipiélago de San Andrés, Colombia. Este fenómeno no explorado de la neutralización del contraste de las róticas no vibrantes simples y múltiples amerita un análisis exhaustivo para examinar los efectos del contacto lingüístico en esta población bilingüe criolla-español. Se comparó la duración segmental de 691 róticas no vibrantes (simples y múltiples) en posición intervocálica a través de tres generaciones de hablantes del español raizal (la variedad del español bilingüe) y se contrastó con la duración producida por hablantes del español continental (la variedad monolingue hablada por los immigrantes colombianos de la Colombia continental). Aunque existen diferencias específicas entre el criollo y el español, los resultados de los datos bilingües muestran que el español raizal tiene duraciones más extensas que difieren de la variedad de español monolingüe. Al examinar las diferencias intergeneracionales se encontró que los hablantes de primera y segunda generación neutralizan el contraste de las variantes simples y múltiples, mientras que los hablantes más jóvenes convergen hacia la variedad monolingüe, distanciándose, a la vez, de sus contrapartes mayores. Este fenómeno indica un cambio lingüístico resultado de patrones divergentes de variación en la duración segmental entre generaciones de raizales bilingües. Estos resultados sugieren que existe un panorama sociolingüístico cambiante en donde un bilingüismo estable está tomando lugar en la población más joven del archipiélago.
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