Neutralisation du contraste phonémique parmi la communauté bilingue créole-espagnole de l’archipel de San Andrés, Colombie
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.v27n1a07Mots-clés :
Archipel de San Andrés, rhotiques non vibrants, espagnol raizal, créole, durée segmentale, contact linguistique, neutralisation, contraste phonémiqueRésumé
Cette étude examine la durée segmentale des rhotiques non vibrants dans une situation de contact dans la Caraïbe occidentale où un créole à base anglaise coexiste avec espagnol : l’Archipel de San Andrés, Colombie. Le phénomène inexploré de la neutralisation du contraste tap/trill mérite une analyse approfondie pour examiner les effets du contact linguistique dans cette population bilingue créole-espagnol. La durée segmentale de 691 rhotiques non vibrants (simples et multiples) en position intervocalique a été comparée sur trois générations de hispanophones Raizales (l’espagnol bilingue parlé par les immigrants colombians de la Colombie continentale) et contrastée avec la durée produite par les hispanophones continentaux. Bien qu’il y ait des différences spécifiques entre le créole et l’espagnol, les résultats des données bilingues montrent que l’espagnol raizal a des durées plus longues qui diffèrent de la variété monolingue de l’espagnol. Un examen intergénérationnel a révélé la neutralisation du contraste de variantes simples et multiples chez les bilingues plus âgés, alors que les jeunes hispanophones convergent vers la variété monolingue, se distanciant de la génération plus âgée. Ce phénomène indique un changement linguistique résultant de modèles divergents de variation de la duration segmentale entre des générations des bilingues raizales. Ces résultats suggèrent un panorama sociolinguistique changeant, dans lequel un bilinguisme stable a lieu parmi les individus plus jeunes.
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